Transcript Plant Developmental physiology

Lectures in Plant Developmental
Physiology, 3 ECTS.
Kurt Fagerstedt
Department of Biological and Environmental
Sciences
Plant Biology
Viikki Biocenter
Spring 2006
Time-table and organisation
Mon 13.3.
Orienteering and Introduction to plant developmental biology.
Cell-intrinsic information. Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt
Wed 15.3.
Embryo development (primary axis development).
Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt
Mon 20.3.
Shoot apical meristems. Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt
Wed 22.3.
Leaf development, stomata. Prof. Jaakko Kangasjärvi
Mon 27.3.
Root apical meristems, root development.
Prof. Ykä Helariutta
Wed 29.3.
Flower development. Prof. Teemu Teeri
Mon 3.4.
Hormonal control of development, Prof. Ykä Helariutta
Wed 5.4.
Developmental responses to light. Prof. Jaakko Kangasjärvi
Mon 10.4.
Environmental information other than light.
Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt
Wed 12.4.
Coordination of development, Prof. mvs. Kurt Fagerstedt
Mon 17.4.
No lecture (Easter)
Wed 19.4.
Open examination on the lectures and additional reading.
Structure of the lecture course
• 22 h of lectures will form one
part of the course, 2 cr.
• On each lecture we will go
through one article concerning
one of the topics dealt with in
the lecture series and consults
some other articles refereed in
that article.
• An examination will take place
on the last day of the lecture
series, 19th April. You may
have all lecture notes with you
at the examination. This
includes the articles presented
during the lecture series. 1 cr.
Books on the topic
Leyser and Day 2003:
Mechanisms in Plant
Development, Blackwell
Publishing.
Fosket, D.E. 1994: Plant Growth
and Development, A Molecular
Approach, Academic press.
Turnbull, G.N. 2005: Plant
architecture and its
manipulation. Annual Plant
Reviews, vol. 17. Blackwell.
Latest literature
Chow, B. and McCourt, P. 2004: Hormone signalling from a
developmental context. J. Exp. Bot. 55:247-251.
Chuck G. Hake S. 2005: Regulation of developmental transitions
[Review]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8(1):67-70.
Jang S. Hur J. Kim SJ. Han MJ. Kim SR. An G. 2004: Ectopic expression
of OsYAB1 causes extra stamens and carpels in rice. Plant Molecular
Biology. 56(1):133-143.
Schrader J. Nilsson J. Mellerowicz E. Berglund A. Nilsson P. Hertzberg M.
Sandberg G. 2004: A high-resolution transcript profile across the woodforming meristem of poplar identifies potential regulators of cambial
stem cell identity. Plant Cell. 16(9):2278-2292.
Takeda S. Matsumoto N. Okada K. 2004: RABBIT EARS, encoding a
SUPERMAN-like zinc finger protein, regulates petal development in
Arabidopsis thaliana. Development. 131(2):425-434.
Grandjean O. Vernoux T. Laufs P. Belcram K. Mizukami Y. Traas J. 2004:
In vivo analysis of cell division, cell growth, and differentiation at the
shoot apical meristem in arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 16(1):74-87.
Hotton S. 2003: Finding the center of a phyllotactic pattern. Journal of
Theoretical Biology. 225(1):15-32.
Dievart A. Dalal M. Tax FE. Lacey AD. Huttly A. Li JM. Clark SE. 2003:
CLAVATA1 dominant-negative alleles reveal functional overlap between
multiple receptor kinases that regulate meristem and organ development.
Plant Cell. 15(5):1198-1211.
Ueda M. Koshino-Kimura Y. Okada K. 2005: Stepwise understanding of root
development [Review]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 8(1):71-76.
Nodzon LA. Xu WH. Wang YS. Pi LY. Chakrabarty PK. Song WY. 2004: The
ubiquitin ligase XBAT32 regulates lateral root development in Arabidopsis.
Plant Journal. 40(6):996-1006.
Montiel G. Gantet P. Jay-Allemand C. Breton C. 2004: Transcription factor
networks. Pathways to the knowledge of root development. Plant
Physiology. 136(3):3478-3485.
Byrne ME. 2005: Networks in leaf development [Review]. Current Opinion in
Plant Biology. 8(1):59-66.
Bharathan G. Sinha NR. 2001: The regulation of compound leaf development.
Plant Physiology. 127(4):1533-1538.
Cleary AL. Smith LG. 1998: The tangled1 gene is required for spatial control of
cytoskeletal arrays associated with cell division during maize leaf
development. Plant Cell. 10(11):1875-1888.
Schneeberger R. Tsiantis M. Freeling M. Langdale JA. 1998: The rough
SHEATH2 gene negatively regulates homeobox gene expression during
maize leaf development. Development. 125(15):2857-2865.
Tzafrir I. Pena-Muralla R. Dickerman A. Berg M. Rogers R. Hutchens S.
Sweeney TC. McElver J. Aux G. Patton D. Meinke D. 2004: Identification of
genes required for embryo development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology.
135(3):1206-1220.
Ye R. Yao QH. Xu ZH. Xue HW. 2004: Development of an efficient method for
the isolation of factors involved in gene transcription during rice embryo
development. Plant Journal. 38(2):348-357.
Xu RQ. Ye XF. Li QSQ. 2004: AtCPSF73-II gene encoding an Arabidopsis
homolog of CPSF 73 kDa subunit is critical for early embryo development.
Gene. 324:35-45.
Kwong RW. Bui AQ. Lee H. Kwong LW. Fischer RL. Goldberg RB. Harada JJ.
2003: LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE defines a class of regulators essential
for embryo development. Plant Cell. 15(1):5-18.
Introduction to Plant
Developmental
Physiology
Spring 2006
QUESTIONS WE TRY TO ANSWER:
• How does a single cell become a
complex organism?
• What mechanisms / factors control
development?
• Cell fate in order to produce a
functional plant?
• Plant development - plasticity in
response to environmental cues.
Angiosperm development
alternation of generations
(sukupolvenvuorottelu)
• diploid phase = sporophyte
– embryogenesis, germination, primary and
secondary development
– vegetative & reproductive development
– juvenile & adult phase, a phase change
• haploid phase = gametophyte
– megaspore  female gametophyte
– microspore  male gametophyte
Sporophyte development
• Continuous development
– indeterminate & determinate
• plastic development
• regeneration
-totipotency
-phase change
Gametophyte development
• female gametophyte = embryo sac
-carpels: ovary, style & stigma
-ovules: nucellus, integuments, micropyle
• male gametophyte
-microspore mother cells surrounded by
tapetum  meiosis  microspores  pollen
grains
Fertilization
• Pollen grain germinates on a compatible stigma
• Angiosperms have double fertilization
– one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to produce
zygote
– the other sperm cell fuses with the two
polar nuclei triploid nucleus  endosperm
• After fertilization
–
–
–
–
haploid cells degenerate
ovaries (usually) develop into a fruit
the growing embryo consumes most of the nucellus
integuments remain to form the seed coat
Embryo development in Arabidopsis
Meristem development
Root tip development
Floral development
Leaf development
Development of vasculature
Cambium development
Developmental responses to light
and other environmental cues
-Red and blue light responses (phytochromes,
cryptochromes, phototropins)
-Temperature and gravity reponses