Transcript Biology Atomic Review

Oct. 11, 2010 Tasks

Obj: Know and understand the characteristics of living
things.
1. New Seating Chart
2. Review Test
A. Look at the questions you missed.
B. Find what you didn’t understand.
C. Write down one question or vocabulary
term you didn’t understand FOR EACH
QUESTION YOU MISSED.
D. Ask for clarification.
E. Should you retake this test? If your test
grade was a D or an F you are required to retake the test during
tutor time or after school.
3. Biochemistry Clicker Quiz
4. Atomic Structure
Oct. 12/13, 2010 Tasks
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Obj: Understand the structure of atoms.
Warm-Up: What’s the difference between atomic number
and atomic mass? If you don’t know write, “I don’t know.”
Tasks
1. Talk about warm up.
2. Atomic Mass and Number Notes.
3. Marble atoms activity.
HW: Unit 3 worksheet #1
Atomic Number
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Atomic Number = # of protons in the nucleus
Or
# of electrons outside the nucleus in a neutral
atom
Atomic Number is used to order all the elements in
the periodic table
Mass #
Is the mass of an individual atom
 = number of protons + number of neutrons
 Atomic Mass is DIFFERENT than Mass #.
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Atomic Mass = the AVERAGE mass of all
isotopes in an element.
Why is the mass of Carbon 12.01
-The .01 shows the average mass for Carbon.
-It shows how often there are isotopes.
-Most of the time the mass # is 12 with 6
protons and 6 neutrons.
-Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.
-its mass # is 13
-Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
-its mass# is 14
Identifying Atoms Activity
On the back of sheet of your periodic table
is a sheet.
 Identify the 6 atoms that are already set up
by filling in all the information in the table.
 (See board for example)
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Create and identify your own atoms
In the remaining spaces of your table
create and identify your own atoms using
the periodic table.
 They must be different from the ones you
identified already.
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October 14, 2010
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Obj: Review Atomic principles for Friday Quiz.
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Warm-Up: Get a book! Read p. 317! Define:
Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force,
Weak force, gravity in your notebookd
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HW Due: Have your Unit 3 worksheet 1 HW out.
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HW: Study for quiz tomorrow
October 15, 2010

Obj: -Atomic structure quiz
12 questions – you may use your class notes and .
-Chemistry Video
Exit slip: write 5 facts you learned from the video
HW Due: None
HW: None
Warm-Up: Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions
at gold foil. He expected all of the ions to bounce
back, but only some of them did. How did he explain
this result? (See picture on board)
What is an atom?
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An atom is the smallest particle of an
element that still has the chemical identity
of that element. (write this)
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How do we define the chemical identity of
something?
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We look at what makes up an atom.
What makes up an atom?
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Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and
electrons. (write this)
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How do we know this?
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JJ Thomson’s experiments with cathode
ray tubes.
What is the structure of an
atom?
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Nucleus – made of protons and neutrons
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It’s the center of an atom.
Electrons orbit the nucleus in different
energy levels.
The number of electrons in the outermost
level or shell determines reactivity.
 Ex) Carbon
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Chemical Bonds

Covalent Bond – when atoms share
electrons.
Stronger than ionic bond – takes more energy
to break it.
 Ex) Water

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Ionic Bond – when one atom takes an
electron and another one gives one up.
Weaker than covalent bond
 Ex) NaCl (see page 37)
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What is an isotope?
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Isotope – atom of the same element with a
different number of neutrons.
Some isotopes are radioactive and break
down at a steady rate over time.
 Useful for carbon dating, detecting and
treating cancer and tracing the movements of
some substances in an organism.
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Group Work
Everyone get a book
 Pick a macromolecule:
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Carbohydrate (p. 46)
Lipid (p. 47)
Nucleic Acid (p. 48)
Amino Acid (p. 48)
Read about your macromolecule.
 Build your macromolecule using toothpicks
and marshmallows.
 Share your macromolecule with your table.
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Why is it called carbon-based
life?
Carbon can form four covalent bonds
because it wants four electrons in its outer
electron shell.
 Carbon acts as a backbone for most
macromolecules.
 Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen,
phosphorous, sulfur and nitrogen.

What is a monomer and a polymer
Mono = one
 Monomers are single units of molecules

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Ex) glucose, a single amino acid
Poly = many
 Polymers are many monomers bonded
together
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Ex) starch, protein
Carbohydrates
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Are used as the main source of energy for
living organisms.

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Ex) fructose, glucose, galactose
Plants and some animals use
carbohydrates for energy.

Ex) cellulose
Lipids
Used to store energy.
 Also important for creating biological
barriers called membranes.
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Help keep water out or in
Nucleic Acids
Three parts: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon
sugar and a phosphate group.
 Are used to store and transmit hereditary
or genetic information.
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Proteins
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Control rate of reactions
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Perform cellular tasks
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Ex) Enzymes
Ex) allow nutrients into cell and wastes out of
cell
Helps transport nutrients
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Ex) Red Blood Cells – hemoglobin is a protein
that carries oxygen through the body.
October, 14, 2010

Obj: What’s so great about water?
1.
2.
Stations activity
Water notes
October 15, 2010

Obj: What do enzymes do?
Types of Inheritance Patterns
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Autosomal Dominantwhen only one mutant gene is needed to
express a particular phenotype.
 mutant gene found on one of the 22 human
non-sex determining chromosomes
(autosomes)
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Autosomal Recessive
 X-Linked Dominant:
 X-Linked Recessive:
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Types of Inheritance Patterns
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Autosomal Recessive
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when a copy of the mutant gene is needed
from both parents in order for the phenotype
to be expressed.
Mutant gene found on one of the 22 human
non sex-determining chromosomes called
autosomes
X-Linked Dominant:
 X-Linked Recessive:
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Types of Inheritance Patterns
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X-Linked Dominant:
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mutant gene is located on X chromosome.
only one copy of the mutant gene is needed to express the
phenotype
If mom has it, son will get it since he has only one x
chromosome from his mom
X-Linked Recessive:
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mutant gene is located on X chromosome
Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to express the
phenotype
Possible to have carriers without phenotypic expression
Directions
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Take out a blank sheet of paper. Write your header on it.
Write the title Puzzling Pedigrees. This is an in class
assignment you will turn in for a grade.
Part I
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Part II
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Write the letters A-H.
Each letter corresponds to a pedigree (think family tree).
For each pedigree, identify which of the four patterns of
inheritance is demonstrated.
Study Pedigrees I and J) shown in Figure 2-3. Both pedigrees
illustrate the same trait.
Try to identify the inheritance pattern illustrated by these two
pedigrees.
Explain your responses, stating specific examples to support
your explanation.
Part III – Read directions in the class set
Wrap Up
Open your binder to the daily entries
section. Under today’s date write Wrap Up
& answer the following questions.
 How is the inheritance of genes on the X
chromosome different than genes on the
autosomes?
 HW:
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Think about the digestive disease you want
study for your presentation.