Transcript Information Flow in Eukaryotes (PowerPoint) Madison 2008

Team 6: Gene Expression II
Teaching Unit - Information Flow in Eukaryotes:
Differential Gene Expression
Rich Walker
Dave Hawthorne
Reid Compton
Mary Lipscomb
Jill Sible
Edgar Moctezuma
Lil Tong
Information Flow in Eukaryotes: Differential Gene Expression
1.
Learning Goal
Understand the conversion of
genotype to phenotype.
Learning Outcome(s)
Diagram the flow of genetic information from DNA to
protein in eukaryotic cells.
Define new terms in information flow.
Distinguish between /among frequently confused
terms (e.g. transcription and translation).
a. Understand that information flow
b.
is regulated at multiple levels.
Appreciate consequences of misregulation.
c. Understand that not all mutations
are bad (a common
misconception)
2. Apply an experimental approach
3.
to information flow.
Appreciate universality of
information flow in all eukaryotes.
Identify points of regulation along the information flow
pathway.
Provide positive and negative consequences of misregulation
(mutation Š internal vs. external)
Provide positive and negative consequences of misregulation
(mutation Š internal vs. external)
Outline experiments that would identify the regulatory
points.
Provide examples of information flow in fungi, plants,
animals.
Information Flow in Eukaryotes: Differential Gene Expression
1.
Learning Goal
Understand the conversion of
genotype to phenotype.
Learning Outcome(s)
Diagram the flow of genetic information from DNA to
protein in eukaryotic cells.
Define new terms in information flow.
Distinguish between /among frequently confused
terms (e.g. transcription and translation).
a. Understand that information flow
b.
is regulated at multiple levels.
Appreciate consequences of misregulation.
Identify points of regulation along the information flow
pathway.
Provide positive and negative consequences of misregulation
(mutation Š internal vs. external)
c. Understand that not all mutations
Provide positive and negative consequences of misregulation
(mutation Š internal vs. external)
2. Apply an experimental approach
Outline experiments that would identify the regulatory
points.
Provide examples of information flow in fungi, plants,
animals.
are bad (a common
misconception)
3.
to information flow.
Appreciate universality of
information flow in all eukaryotes.
Information Flow in Eukaryotes: Differential Gene Expression
Context:
•Freshman Biology course
No prerequisites
Some majors, some non-majors
•Material covered before this unit:
Concept of a gene
Prokaryotic gene expression
Appreciate and are effective in group work
•Reading assignment before class on eukaryotic gene
expression
Tidbit 1: To make sure everyone understands the steps of genetic
information flow in eukaryotes, order the following events.
Mature protein
Nuclear export of RNA
Polypeptide elongation
Recognition of start codon
Positioning and activation of RNA polymerase
Termination of transcription
Ribosome encounters stop codon
RNA processing
Protein folding
RNA elongation
Tidbit 2a: Anthocyanin and grape color
• Anthocyanins are flavonoid
pigments in plant cells that
make them look red, purple
or blue.
• The final step in the
synthesis of anthocyanin is
catalyzed by the enzyme
UFGT.
• Green grapes lack
anthocyanins due to a
mutation in the MYB
transcription factor.
Red
Green
Clicker activity
Based on the strip sequence, which step in the UFGT
expression pathway would be affected by mutation in the
MYB transcription factor?
A. Termination of transcription
B. Recognition of the start codon
C. Positioning and activation of
RNA polymerase
D. Protein folding
E. None of the above
Red
Green
Tidbit 2b: Musclehead
Analysis of the human genome indicates a single a-tropomyosin
gene. However, tropomyosin protein isolated from muscle and
brain are structurally different.
Clicker activity
Regulation at which point in the tropomyosin gene
expression pathway could account for two structurally
different protein products encoded by the same gene?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Termination of transcription
RNA processing
Nuclear export of RNA
Protein folding
Mini lecture on points of regulation and experiments to study
them.
Take home assignment:
Design an experimental approach to determine which point of
control along the gene expression pathway accounts for the
different forms of tropomyosin in muscle and brain.
Next class:The a-tropomyosin gene is alternatively spliced.
Diversity considerations:
By allowing a range of correct answers for tidbit 1,
we accommodated both linear and non-linear approaches
to solving the problem.
Tidbit 1 also engaged kinesthetic and visual learners.
We used grapes rather than wine (alcohol) as an example.
We used an example from the plant/agricultural field
because not all students are pre-med.
We were sensitive to potential color-blindness by pointing
out different grape colors.
Thank You!
From the GrapeStormers