Transcript Evolution and Genetics

Evolution and
Genetics

Genes are found on
chromosomes

The process that produces sex cells is
meiosis

The passing of traits from parents to
offspring is
heredity

Two forms of the same gene are known as
alleles

The set of instructions for each characteristic
donated by the parent to the offspring is
called
genes

The organism’s appearance is known as its
phenotype

____ used plants to study the way traits are
passed from parents to offspring.
Mendel

The trait that seems to recede in the
background in first-generation offspring is
the
recessive trait

Humans produce sex cells through a
process called
meiosis

These may be dominant or recessive.
alleles

____ proposed that genes are located on
chromosomes.
Sutton

A gene is
set of instructions, instructions on how to
make a protein, a portion of a strand of
DNA

DNA
has a structure like a twisted ladder

In incomplete dominance,
each allele for a trait has its own degree
of influence

Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to ____
using X-ray diffraction.
create images of DNA molecules

The images that Rosalind Franklin created
suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape.
spiral
A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white
snapdragon flower and producing a pink
snapdragon flower is an example of
incomplete dominance
•
The color of your eyes is an example of
how many genes can influence one trait

A mutation in DNA could result in
a genetic disorder, death, no change at all

The theory of evolution combines the
principles of
natural selection and genetic
inheritance

Individuals in a population that have traits or
abilities that give them a competitive
advantage over other population members
are more likely to survive and reproduce.

This principle is called
natural selection
The theory of evolution can be explained in
part by changes in an organism's DNA
known as
mutations


Structures and behaviors for finding food,
protection, and for moving from place to
place are an organism's ____ to its
environment.
adaptations

Antibiotic-resistant strains of
microorganisms that cause diseases, such
as tuberculosis, are increasing in number
due to
natural selection

What process accounts for the diversity of
life on Earth?
biological evolution

Diversity of life has developed on Earth
gradually over many years

What is the basic unit of life?
the cell

Multi-cellular organisms grow larger
because
they have more cells

What process in multi-cellular organisms
allows for cell specialization?
differentiation

The visible traits of an organism.
phenotype

What cell process results in the formation of
two genetically identical daughter cells?
mitosis

In asexual reproduction, offspring receive
how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
100%

In sexual reproduction, offspring receive
how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
50%

Coiled structures of DNA and protein make
up the_________.
chromosomes

What structure carries the instructions for
cell processes?
chromosome

What are segments of DNA on the
chromosomes called?
genes

How many copies of a gene are generally
found in a cell?
two

Copies of the same gene in a cell are called
what?
alleles

Characteristics that can be transferred from
one generation to another are
called________.
traits

Evolution happens at what level?
population
Changes in the genetic make-up of an
organism is called_________.
mutation

In order for a species to survive that
species must eat, survive and__________.
reproduce at a rate greater than the death rate


In order for an "advantage" to be passed on
to the next generation it must
be_________.
genetically based

Plant and animal cells contain how many
genes?
thousands


Inherited traits are determined
by_________.
one or more genes
The genetic material of living organisms is
located on what structure of the cell?
chromosome

What compound is the genetic material of
living organisms?
deoxyribonucleic acid

When coding for characteristics of an
organism, the two copies of a gene are
_____.
identical, dominant, or recessive