Evolution and Genetics

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Transcript Evolution and Genetics

Evolution and
Genetics

Genes are found on
chromosomes
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The process that produces sex cells is
meiosis
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The passing of traits from parents to
offspring is
heredity
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Two forms of the same gene are known as
alleles
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The set of instructions for each characteristic
donated by the parent to the offspring is
called
genes
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The organism’s appearance is known as its
phenotype
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____ used plants to study the way traits are
passed from parents to offspring.
Mendel
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The trait that seems to recede in the
background in first-generation offspring is
the
recessive trait
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Humans produce sex cells through a
process called
meiosis
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These may be dominant or recessive.
alleles
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____ proposed that genes are located on
chromosomes.
Sutton
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A gene is
set of instructions, instructions on how to
make a protein, a portion of a strand of
DNA
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DNA
has a structure like a twisted ladder
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In incomplete dominance,
each allele for a trait has its own degree
of influence
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Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to ____
using X-ray diffraction.
create images of DNA molecules
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The images that Rosalind Franklin created
suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape.
spiral
A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white
snapdragon flower and producing a pink
snapdragon flower is an example of
incomplete dominance
•
The color of your eyes is an example of
how many genes can influence one trait
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A mutation in DNA could result in
a genetic disorder, death, no change at all
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The theory of evolution combines the
principles of
natural selection and genetic
inheritance
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Individuals in a population that have traits or
abilities that give them a competitive
advantage over other population members
are more likely to survive and reproduce.
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This principle is called
natural selection
The theory of evolution can be explained in
part by changes in an organism's DNA
known as
mutations

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Structures and behaviors for finding food,
protection, and for moving from place to
place are an organism's ____ to its
environment.
adaptations
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Antibiotic-resistant strains of
microorganisms that cause diseases, such
as tuberculosis, are increasing in number
due to
natural selection
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What process accounts for the diversity of
life on Earth?
biological evolution
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Diversity of life has developed on Earth
gradually over many years
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What is the basic unit of life?
the cell
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Multi-cellular organisms grow larger
because
they have more cells
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What process in multi-cellular organisms
allows for cell specialization?
differentiation
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The visible traits of an organism.
phenotype
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What cell process results in the formation of
two genetically identical daughter cells?
mitosis
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In asexual reproduction, offspring receive
how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
100%
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In sexual reproduction, offspring receive
how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?
50%
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Coiled structures of DNA and protein make
up the_________.
chromosomes
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What structure carries the instructions for
cell processes?
chromosome
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What are segments of DNA on the
chromosomes called?
genes
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How many copies of a gene are generally
found in a cell?
two
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Copies of the same gene in a cell are called
what?
alleles
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Characteristics that can be transferred from
one generation to another are
called________.
traits

Evolution happens at what level?
population
Changes in the genetic make-up of an
organism is called_________.
mutation

In order for a species to survive that
species must eat, survive and__________.
reproduce at a rate greater than the death rate

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In order for an "advantage" to be passed on
to the next generation it must
be_________.
genetically based
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Plant and animal cells contain how many
genes?
thousands

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Inherited traits are determined
by_________.
one or more genes
The genetic material of living organisms is
located on what structure of the cell?
chromosome

What compound is the genetic material of
living organisms?
deoxyribonucleic acid
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When coding for characteristics of an
organism, the two copies of a gene are
_____.
identical, dominant, or recessive