Transcript DNA - Glen Ellyn School District 41

Science Quick
Fact #39
Mars is the 4th planet
from the Sun. It is
referred to as the "Red
Planet" because of its
reddish appearance as
seen from Earth. Mars
has volcanoes, valleys,
deserts and polar ice
caps. It is the site of
Olympus Mons, the
highest known mountain
in the solar system, and
of Valles Marineras, the
largest canyon.
Science Trivia
George is pure dominant for black fur. Gina has white fur.
(Make a Punnett Square, and use the letters F or f)
What is the probability of having offspring with
white fur in the future? ______
black fur in the future? ______
hybrids in the future? ______
purebreds in the future? _____
Agenda
• “Plea your Case” on Bar Graphs
• Independent Learners free to begin work:
Due Date: End of Day on Thursday
• Finish Genetics Video (except 1st period)
• Finish presenting Discussion Questions (1st)
• Fill in rest of Genetics Power Point Notes
• White Board Activity
• Start Genetics Packets tomorrow
• Tentative Test Day: Next W, Th, or Friday
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic
Acid.
• The genetic
material of all
organisms; made
up of two twisted
strands
Chromosome – structure in a cell’s nucleus
that contains DNA strands (genetic material)
Gene -
Section of the DNA
on a chromosome
that contains
instructions for
making specific
proteins
Chromosome
up close with
DNA
Gregor Mendel
• Austrian monk,
considered the
Father of
Genetics, lived
and worked in the
19th century;
worked with pea
plants
Heredity- the passing of traits from
parent to offspring
Genetics- the study of how traits are
inherited through the actions of alleles
Allele- an alternate form that a gene may
have for a single trait; can be dominant or
recessive
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
(Let’s say it’s the allele
that came from mom)
(The one that came from dad)
Tt
Both alleles together make up a gene
that the offspring carries. The trait that
the offspring has follows the
instructions of the dominant allele
Hybrid
• an offspring that was given
different genetic information for a
trait from each parent
+
=
Dominant
• describes a trait that covers over or
dominates, another form of that trait
Recessive
• describes a trait that is covered over, or
dominated, by another form of that trait and
seems to disappear
• Can taste PTC paper
• Left-handed
• No cleft
• Attached ear lobe
• Cannot roll tongue
• Straight hairline
• No freckles
• Straight hair
Punnett Square • a tool to predict
the probability
of certain traits
showing up in
offspring.
• shows the
different ways
alleles can
combine
Genotype
• The gene make up of a specific trait.
• These are the LETTERS we assign to the
trait!
Phenotype
• The outward physical appearance and
behavior of an organism as a result of its
genotype.
Homozygous
• describes an organism with two alleles that
are the same for a trait
BB
Heterozygous
• describes an organism with two different
alleles for a trait
Bb
Science Quick Fact #36
DNA with genes
Genes are “recipes”
located on DNA strands
that dwell inside 23 pairs
of chromosomes found
inside the nucleii of each
of our cells.
Pair of chromosomes
DNA
Genes tells the body
which proteins to make
and those proteins go off
and make a trait for the
body such as tallness,
brown eyes, blonde hair,
etc.