Transcript BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS - Greenville Central Schools

BIOTECHNICAL
SYSTEMS
BIOTECHNIAL SYSTEMS ARE
TECHNOLOGIES THAT INVOLVE
LIVING THINGS.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
USING TECHNOLOGY TO
PROCESS LIVING THINGS INTO
PRODUCTS OR NEW FORMS OF
LIFE.
YOGURT, CHEESE, BEER, WINE
AND BREAD HAVE BEEN MADE
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS
USING BIOTECHNOLOGY.
CHEESE & BREAD
IN THE CHEESE-MAKING PROCESS, LIVING
BACTERIA MAKE SOUR MILK AND TURN IT
INTO CHEESE.
BREAD IS MADE THROUGH FERMENTATION.
LIVING ORGANISMS FEED ON SUGAR &
STARCH, BREAKING THEM DOWN &
PRODUCING ALCOHOL & CARBON DIOXIDE
GAS.
HEREDITY
THE PASSING OF TRAITS FROM ONE
GENERATION TO THE NEXT.
CAN YOU THINK OF ANY TRAITS THAT
YOU GOT FROM YOUR PARENTS?
FARMERS USE HEREDITY TO GET THE
BEST PLANTS. THEY SAVE THE SEEDS
FROM THE BEST PLANTS & USE THOSE
AT PLANTING TIME.
CROSSBREEDING
CROSSBREEDING COMBINES THE TRAITS FROM
ONE PLANT WITH THOSE OF ANOTHER.
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE KIND OF WHEAT MAY HAVE LARGE SEED HEADS BUT
WEAK STEMS. ANOTHER KIND MAY HAVE STRONG STEMS BUT SMALL
SEED HEADS. CROSSBRED THESE PLANTS AND A NEW KIND OF WHEATF
WITH STRONG STEMS AND LARGE SEED HEADS MAY BE PRODUCED.
CROSSBRED PLANTS OR ANIMALS ARE CALLED
HYBRIDS. THEY HAVE THE TRAITS OF BOTH
PARENTS.
MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT AREAS OF
MODERN TECHNOLOGY.
GENETIC ENGINEERING NEW FORMS OF LIFE
ARE CREATED.
BIOPROCESSING TINY LIVING ORGANISMS
ARE USED TO PROCESS MATERIALS.
ANTIBODY PRODUCTION SUBSTANCES ARE
PRODUCED THAT MAY CURE DISEASE.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
GENES DETERMINE HOW OUR BODIES LOOK
AND WORK. OUR GENES MAKE US SHORT
OR TALL, LIGHT SKINNED OR DARK
SKINNED, BLUE-EYED OR BROWN-EYED.
IN GENETIC ENGINEERING, A GENE IS TAKEN
FROM ONE CELL & SPLICED (MOVED) INTO
ANOTHER CELL. THE SECOND CELL HAS
TRAITS CARRIED BY THE SPLICED GENE.
BIOPROCESSING
A MODERN VERSION OF THE ANCIENT
FERMENTATION PROCESS.
IN BIOPROCESSING LIVING THINGS DO
USEFUL WORK. SMALL ORGANISMS FEED
ON PLANT & ANIMAL WASTE, GIVING OFF
A GAS CALLED METHANE. THIS IS THE
SAME GAS WE USE FOR COOKING &
HEATING.
THIS PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT IN HUGE VATS,
CALLED FERMENTORS.
ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
ANTIBODIES ARE PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD
THAT FIGHT DISEASE. THEY SEEK OUT
INVADING DISEASE-CAUSING CELLS &
KILL THEM.
TO MAKE ANTIBODIES, AN ANTIBODIPRODUCING CELL IS COMBINED WITH A
CELL THAT PRODUCED QUICKLY. THE
CELL THAT RESULTS MAKES ANTIBODIES
EVERYTIME IT DIVIDES.
RESOURCES FOR
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PEOPLE
INFORMATION
MATERIALS
TOOLS & MACHINES
ENERGY
CAPITAL
TIME
PEOPLE
SCIENTISTS STUDY LiVING THINGS TO LEARN MORE
ABOUT THEM & HOW THEY MAY BE USED. THESE
PEOPLE MUST BE EDUCATED IN THE FIELDS OF
CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY.
ENGINEERS DESIGN THE TOOLS NEEDED TO TURN
RESEARCH IDEAS INTO LARGE SCALE
PRODUCTION.
TECHNICIANS RUN EQUIPMENT & HELP THE
SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS IN THEIR WORK.
NONTECHNICAL WORKERS SUCH AS MANAGERS,
SALESPEOPLE, LAWYERS, & FINANCIAL EXPERTS
ARE ALSO NEEDED.
INFORMATION
THE MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL
RESOURCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.
NEW DISCOVERIES ARE BEING MADE
ALL OF THE TIME.
WORKERS MUST KEEP UP WITH THEM.
THEY MUST ALSO BRING TO THEIR
WORK MUCH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
BIOLOGY & CHEMISTRY.
TOOLS & MACHINES
LIVING THINGS ARE OFTEN USED AS
TOOLS IN PROCESSING MATERIALS.
OTHER BIOTECHNICAL TOOLS INCLUDE
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, COMPUTERS
& OTHER ELECTRONIC TOOLS. THESE
TOOLS ARE USED TO DO RESEARCH &
TO MONITOR BIOTECHNICAL
PROCESSES.
ENERGY, CAPITAL & TIME
LIVING ORGANISMS GET THE ENERGY THEY NEED TO
SURVIVE FROM THE MATERIALS THEY FEED ON.
CAPITAL IS USED TO BUY EQUIPMENT & BUILD LABS.
SOME CAPITAL COMES FROM INVESTORS. OTHER
MONEY COMES FROM GOVERNMENT.
IN MOST FACTORIES, PRODUCTS CAN BE MADE IN
MINUTES OR HOURS. IN LIVING TINGS, THE
PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT WHILE THE ORGANISM IS
ALIVE, SOME REASERCH CAN TAKE A GREAT DEAL
OF TIME. WE ARE STILL SEARCHING FOR A CURE
FOR CANCER.
IMPACTS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY IS USEFUL IN MANY WAYS.
o LARGE AMOUNTS OF SUBSTANCES NEEDED FOR
HUMAN HEALTH ARE MADE
o WASTE MATERIALS ARE REMOVED
o WE CAN CHANGE PLANTS & ANIMALS TO MAKE
THEM MORE USEFUL
o LIFE FORMS CAN BE CHANGED
o GENES OF FARM ANIMALS ARE BEING ALTERED SO
THAT ANIMALS PRODUCE MORE MEAT
o PLANTS ARE BEING ALTERED TO INCREASE THE
NUTIRIONAL VALUE OF THEIR FRUIT AND SEEDS
OTHER BIOTECHNICAL
SYSTEMS
BIOTECHNOLOGY INVOLVES LIVING
CELLS. OTHER TECHNOLOGIES SUCH
AS AGRICULTURE, FOOD
PRODUCTION, AND MEDICINE ALSO
INVOLVE LIVING THINGS.
AGRICULTURE
THE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAT
PRODUCE PLANTS & ANIMAL S &
PROCESS THEM INTO FOOD,
CLOTHING & OTHER PRODUCTS.
HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE
TISSUE CULTURE IS ONE WAY TO PRODUCE
NEW & BETTER PLANTS. A PIECE OF KEAF
TISSUE IS GROWN IN A TEST TUBE. THE
MILLIONS OF NEW CELLS ARE EXPOSED TO
MANY DIFFERENT CONDITION, LIKE HEAT
OR SALTY SOIL. THE CELLS THAT SURVIVE
ARE USED TO GROW NEW PLANTS.
HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE
HYDROPONICS COMES FROM THE GREEK
WORDS THAT MEAN WATER & FARMING.
HYDROPONIC FARMING IS DONE WITHOUT
SOIL. PLANTS GROW IN WATER, GRAVEL
OR SAND. THE NUTRIENTS THEY NEED ARE
PROVIDED BY THE WATER.
FOOD PRODUCTION
PEOPLE MUST EAT TO LIVE. WE EAT A
VARIETY OF FOODS PREPARED IN
MANY DIFFERENT WAYS.
THE HUMAN BODY NEEDS SIX KINDS OF
SUBSTANCES, CALLED NUTRIENTS.
CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, MINERALS,
PROTEIN, VITAMINS AND WATER.
FOOD PROCESSING
COOKING WAS ONE OF THE FIRST WAYS
FOOD WAS PROCESSED.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF FOOD PROCESSING
TAKES PLACE IN A POULTRY PLANT. THE
LIVE CHICKENS ARE KNOWCKED OUT BY
AN ELECTRIC CHARGE. THEY ARE THEN
KILLED, CLEANED, PACKAGED AND SENT
TO THE STORE.
FOOD PRESERVATION
PRESERVING FOOD WITH HEAT
FOOD IS HEATED TO A HIGH TEMPERATURE TO KILL THE
BACTERIA
PERSERVING FOOD WITH COLD
THE COLD PREVENTS THE BACTERIA FROM GROWING
PERSERVING FOOD BY DRYING
MOST OF THE WATER IS REMOVED THROUGH DEHYDRATION
PERSERVING FOOD WITH CHEMICALS
PRESERVATIVES ARE ADDED TO FOOD, SUCH AS NITRATES
AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
PERSERVING FOOD BY HIGH-TECH METHODS
X-RAY RADIATION OR ULTRASONIC VIBRATION KILLS THE
BACTERIA IN FOOD.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
NEW MEDICAL TOOLS
LASERS AND ELECTRONIC TOOLS
SPARE PARTS FOR THE BODY
ORGANS CAN BE TRANSPLANTED INTO THE BODY AND SOME
BODY PARTS CAN BE MADE ARTIFICIALLY
WINDOWS INTO THE BODY
X-RAY MACHINE, THE C A T SCANNER, AND ULTRA-SOUNDS
TAKE IMAGES OF THE BODY
SO WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN?
BIOTECHNOLOGY IMPACTS YOUR
LIFE
*HOW DOES BIOTECHNOLOGY EFFECT
YOUR LIFE?
*MAKE A LIST OF 5 WAYS
BIOTECHNOLOGY EFFECTS YOUR
LIFE…
*THINK ABOUT THE FOOD YOU EAT,
YOUR DOCTOR VISITS…..