Transcript Document
B2 Revision Booklet Name: Class: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – CELLS, TISSUES & ORGANS What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? Sketch and label a plant and an animal cell; Use pictures and words to describe the three ways substances can move in and out of cells Diffusion What is the function of: Nucleus – Mitochondria Ribosomes What is a tissue? Chloroplasts Cell Wall What is an organ? Draw and label 2 specialised cells. Explain their structure is adapted to suit their function What is an organ system? KEY WORDS: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosome Chloroplast Vacuole Specialised Diffusion Concentration gradient Multicellular Tissue Organ Organ system ASSESSMENT: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT What is the equation for photosynthesis Explain how plants use glucose for the following: Respiration How doe the follow factors affect organisms in their environment? Temperature: Where in the plant does it occur? Light: How are leaves adapted to perform photosynthesis? Transport Water: Storage Explain how light, CO2 and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis CO2 and O2: How do we measure the distribution of organisms? How do we know this data is accurate? KEY WORDS: Photosynthesis Glucose Limiting factors Quadrat Sample size Range Mean Median Mode Transect Reproducible Valid Variables ASSESSMENT: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – ENZYMES What are enzymes made from? How can we speed up digestion? Changing the pH: What do enzymes do? What are the 3 groups of enzymes in digestion? What is their substrate and what do they break them down into? 1) Altering the surface area: 2) How do they work? (explain & draw the lock & key mechanism 3) Why is the stomach acidic? What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity What effect does pH have on enzyme activity Describe 3 industrial uses for enzymes What is bile, what does it do and how does it do it? KEY WORDS: Catalysts Enzyme Active site Denatured Digested Carbohydrase Amylase Protease Lipase Bile Emulsifiers Biological detergents ASSESSMENT: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – ENERGY FROM RESPIRATION What is the formula for aerobic respiration? A student pedalled an exercise cycle at constant speed for 5 minutes. The student’s heart rate was recorded at one-minute intervals during the exercise and also during recovery. What is the role of mitochondria in respiration? Why do organisms respire? Describe the effect exercise has on the heart: What is anaerobic respiration? A student‘s breathing was monitored before and after vigorous exercise. The student breathed in and out through a special apparatus. The graphs show the changes in the volume of air inside the apparatus. Each time the student breathed in, the line on the graph dropped. Each time the student breathed out, the line went up. Describe the effect of exercise has on breathing: How does it cause muscle fatigue? What is oxygen debt? KEY WORDS: Aerobic respiration Mitochondria Glycogen Anaerobic respiration Oxygen debt ASSESSMENT: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – SIMPLE INHERITANCE What is mitosis and why is it needed? What are stem cells? State 2 uses of stem cells: How many chromosomes in a) gamete and b) somatic cell? What is an allele? What is differentiation? What does a) dominant; and b) recessive mean? How does it differ in plants and animals? State 2 problems with stem cell research: What is meiosis? Chromosomes are made of long strands of what? Why is it important? Small sections of this are called what? How does it help generate variation? What do genes code for? What is DNA fingerprinting? What is Cystic Fibrosis and what causes it? Draw the punnet's square for 2 CF carriers KEY WORDS: Alleles Mitosis Meiosis Stem cells Therapeutic cloning Mendel DNA finger printing Chromosomes Dominant Recessive Polydactyly Cystic fibrosis ASSESSMENT: B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 6 – OLD & NEW SPECIES What are fossils? How are they formed? What is extinction? Describe how… …environmental change leads to extinction …organisms can cause extinction What can we learn from fossils? Why do we describe fossil records as incomplete? How do these fossils support the theory of evolution What caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? Describe how new species can evolve through geographical isolation: Higher: include info on speciation KEY WORDS: Fossils Extinction Geographical isolation Endemic Speciation ASSESSMENT: