Transcript Math Review

AP Biology Math Review 2013
1)Take out an APPROVED calculator and
fomula sheet.
2) Pick a grid sheet. You will solve each
problem and grid in the answer.
Tips
• Grid LEFT to right
• Use the formula sheet
• Don’t round until the end
• Look at HOW the answer should be given
“round to nearest…”
.123
The 1 is in the tenths place
The 2 is in the hundreds place
The 3 is in the thousandths place
Q1: Chi Square
•
A heterozygous red eyed female was crossed
with a red eyed male. The results are shown
below. Red eyes are sex-linked dominant to
white, determine the chi square value.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Phenotype
# flies observed
Red Eyes
134
White Eyes
66
Chi Square Strategy
• Given—observed
• You have to figure out expected.
Usually to do a Punnett square to
figure this out
• Plug in
+
+
Observed—134 red eyes, 66 white eyes
Chi-Square
XR
Xr
XR
XR XR
XR Xr
Y
XR Y
Xr Y
white
red
+
(134-150)2
/150
(66-50)2
+
Expected
/50
3:1 ratio
Observed: red134, white 66
1.70666 + 5.12
Total =200
Expected:
3/4x200 =150 red
¼ x 200 = 50 white
6.83
Q2: Surface Area and Volume
• What is the SA/V for this cell? Round your
answer to the nearest hundredths.
Q2
SA= 4 r2
=4(3.14) 52
=314
Volume of a sphere= 4/3 r3
=4/3 (3.14)53
=523.33
SA/V=314/523.33
=.60
Q3: Water Potential and Solution Potential
• Solute potential= –iCRT
• i = The number of particles the molecule will make in water; for NaCl
this would be 2; for sucrose or glucose, this number is 1
• C = Molar concentration (from your experimental data)
• R = Pressure constant = 0.0831 liter bar/mole K
• T = Temperature in degrees Kelvin = 273 + °C of solution
Sample Problem
• The molar concentration of a sugar solution
in an open beaker has been determined to
be 0.3M. Calculate the solute potential at
27 degrees celsius. Round your answer to
the nearest tenths.
Q3
• Solute potential= –iCRT
-i= 1
C= 0.3
R = Pressure constant = 0.0831
T= 27 +273=300K
Solute concentration= -7.5
Q4: Hardy Weinberg
• A census of birds nesting on a Galapagos
Island revealed that 24 of them show a
rare recessive condition that affected beak
formation. The other 63 birds in this
population show no beak defect. If this
population is in HW equilibrium, what is
the frequency of the dominant allele? Give
your answer to the nearest hundredth
Hardy Weinberg Strategy
• Figure out what you are given
• Allele (p or q) or Genotypes (p2, 2pq, q2)
• Figure out what you are solving for
• Manipulate formulas to go from given to
solving for
• Always dealing with decimals
Q4:Looking for
p—dominant allele
• Homozygous Recessive=q2=24/87= .2758
q2= .2758
q=.5252
p+q=1
p=.47
Q5: Rate
Hydrogen peroxide is broken down to water and
oxygen by the enzyme catalase. The following
data were taken over 5 minutes. What is the
rate of enzymatic reaction in mL/min from 2 to
4 minutes? Round to the nearest hundreds
Time
(mins)
Amount of
O2
produce
d (mL)
1
2.3
2
3.6
3
4.2
4
5.5
5
5.9
Q5
• Rise/run= rate= 5.5-3.6/4-2
• Rise/run= rate=1.9/2
• Rise/run= rate= .95
Q6: Laws of Probability
• Calculate the probability
of tossing three coins
simultaneously and
obtaining three heads.
Express in fraction form.
Q6
• Probability of a heads is ½
• Probability of heads AND a heads AND a
heads
½ X ½ X ½=1/8
• What are the odds of getting 2 heads with
three coins?
•
•
•
•
Use rule of addition, because “OR”
2 heads are possible in these ways:
HHT
HTH
THH
Hence 1/8+1/8+1/8= 3/8 odds
Q7: Population Growth
N—total number in pop
•
r—rate of growth
There are 2,000 mice living in a field. If
1,000 mice are born each month and 200
mice die each month, what is the per
capita growth rate of mice over a
month? Round to the nearest tenths.
•
•
•
•
rmax = b-d
rmax = B/N – D/N
=1000/2000 – 200/2000
=0.4
Q8
• The net annual primary productivity of a
particular wetland ecosystem is found to
be 8,000 kcal/m2. If respiration by the
aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per
year, what is the gross annual primary
productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2
per year? Round to the nearest whole
number.
Q8
• NPP=GPP-R
• 8,000 = GPP – 12,000
• 8,000+ 12,000= GPP
• 20,000=GPP
Q9: Q10
•
•
Q10 = increase in metabolic (respiratory) rate with
temperature increase
Data for goldfish is given in the table below.
Calculate Q10 for this data. Round to the nearest
whole number.
Temperature
(C)
Respiration
Rate
(Minute)
16
16
21
22
Q9
Q10= ( 22 /16) 10/(21-16)
Q10= (1.375) 2
Q10= 2
Q10: Standard Deviation
not to be confused with Q10
•
Grasshoppers show variation in their
back-leg length. Determine the standard
deviation for this data. Round to the
nearest hundredth.
Length(cm): 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.1
0.01 + 0 + 0.01 + 0
3
= 0.00666667
Sqrt (0.006666667)=0.0816
Q11: Dilution
• Joe has a 2 g/L solution. He
dilutes it and creates 3 L of
a 1 g/L solution. How much
of the original solution did
he dilute? Round to the
nearest tenths.
We are looking for V1:
C1V1 = C2V2
2V1 = 1(3)
V1= 1.5
Q12: log
• What is the
hydrogen ion
concentration of a
solution of pH 8?
Round to the nearest
whole number
Q12
•[H+] if pH = 8.0
-pH
•[H+] = 10
-8.0
[H+] = 10
•1÷10⁸ = 0.00000001
Q13:Gibbs Free Energy
PICK THE BEST CHOICE:
A chemical reaction is most likely to occur
spontaneously if the
a) ∆G ( change in Free energy) is negative
b) Entropy change is negative
c) Activation energy is positive
d) Heat of reaction is positive
∆G = G final – G initial
• What is ∆G in this reaction?
• Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic?
Q14: Genetics
• In ferrets, brown is dominant over gray
and long whiskers are dominant over
short. When F1 individuals are mated with
gray/short ferrets, the researchers find the
following distribution of offspring:
• 145 brown/long
143 gray/short
• 8 gray/long
8 brown/short
• What can you tell about these two alleles?
Water potential
• The turgor pressure in an elodea cell is
determined to be 7.5 barr. The internal
solute potential of the cell is -5.5 barr.
The cell is suspended in pure (distilled
water) at pressure of 5.0 barr.
• Calculate the water potential inside the cell
• Calculate the water potential outside of the
cell
• Will water move into or out of the cell?
Justify your answer.
Water will move into the cell.