Transcript Slide 1
What is it? Selective breeding among live stock and even dogs have been around since the beginning of time. Using microbes to make food and drinks Charles Darwin 1809-1882 natural selection Gregor Mendel 1822-1884 genetics (pea plants) Selective breeding has been around since the beginning of time Humans have selected particular traits and bred organisms to have these traits Don’t we as humans use selective breeding when selecting our mates? Complete The Genetic Technology worksheet front and back Agriculture 2. Medicinal 3. Forensics 1. Biotechnology and Agriculture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn52Ed1q4rk Genetic Engineering The process of altering the genetic material of cells or organisms to allow them to make new substances. We can do this because DNA is the same from One organism to nextJust a little different order of bases. GMO – genetically modified organism Organisms that have acquired one or more genes artificially Transgenic organisms – organisms that have acquired a gene from another species or organism ex – “super mice” in 1980’s used this in mice so that they could produce a human protein needed for clotting. Biotechnology and food Videos: Cons: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H9WZGKQ eYg Pros: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cit1L BHThy4 Healthier farm animals Pest resistant plants – so grow more food Temperature, drought resistant, other environmental conditions allow us to grow food where we couldn’t before creating greater genetic diversity in different regions. May have an increase in nutrient value Ex. India – 1992- salinity resistant crops (rice / wheat) has allowed people to grow these in areas that would not normally sustain crops. Ex. Golden rice – transgenic variety created with more beta carotin that could help prevent vitamin A deficiencies that lead blindness in poorer nations New allergies may develop with these plants Pollen from GMO’s can spread to wild species and change their genetics Unpredictable health effects – only been around since 1990’s so we do not know long term effects yet Insufficient government regulation – GMO’s are not mandatory to label in grocery stores – yet May create unwanted effects in soil or surrounding water supplies (ground water) 1. Gene therapy Alteration of afflicted individual’s genes for therapeutic reasons. Try to supplement or replace a defective gene causing the disease by inserting a normal allele into cells of tissues that have the disorder. 2. Diagnose Disease: DNA technology used today to diagnose diseases even before birth. 3. Vaccines A mutant of the pathogen (virus / bacteria) used to stimulate our immune system to create defense against the pathogen Some are genetically modified to be better. Genetically altered crops are now grown that can synthesize certain vaccines and eaten by Complete DNA Medicine worksheet Read Scientific American article: Gene-Therapy Successes Spur Hope for Embattled Field By Erica Check Hayden http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gene-therapysuccesses-spur-hope-for-field/ Scientific analysis of evidence from a crime scent to be used in investigations or court of law 1. DNA profiling; Can get DNA from any body fluid, small pieces of tissue, hair, etc… left at the crime scene used to prove paternity Used to identify victim of a crime Ex. World trade center nearly ½ of victims identified by DNA analysis Complete the following virtual labs : http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/popups/int_d naprofiling.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/education/body/creat e-dna-fingerprint.html Therapeutic hormones such as insulin and human growth hormone are made by modified bacteria. Until now, insulin was recovered from slaughtered pigs and cattle. Now can genetically modify bacteria to produce human insulin. In past HGH recovered from cadavers, now bacteria with modified DNA fragments chemically synthesize HGH to help with dwarfism or other height deficits. Process of producing a genetically identical copy of a living organism. Occurs naturally in bacteria during asexual reproduction Types of artificial cloning 1. Gene cloning 2. Reproductive cloning 3. Therapeutic cloning 1. Gene Cloning Copies of genes or segments of DNA Used by scientists to make copies of genes they wish to study 2. Reproductive Cloning Copies entire organism 3. Therapeutic Cloning Creating a cloned embryo for sole purposes of making embryonic stem cells These cells can be used in experiments to understand diseases and develop new treatments Issue – destroy embryo to use stem cells