Transcript TOBACCO AND CANCER - Sridhar Cancer Care

TOBACCO
AND
CANCER
GLOBAL PROBLEM
PRESENTED
BY
DR.RAMESH KUMAR SAHARIA (Consultant OncoSurgeon)
Sridhar Cancer care Center
Srimanta Sankerdev Hospital and Research
Institute. DIBRUGARH
INTRODUCTION

CANCER Problem is Universal
 12% Death worldwide.
 Developed Countries ranks 2nd (2.5million)
 while in Developing Countries ranks
3rd(3.8million) as commonest cause of death
INDIA

2.5million suffering from cancer at any given
time.
 7 lacs new cases each year.
 Incidence rate 44-122/lac males; & 52128/lac females.
 Mortality rate 61/lac males;& 58/lac females
HABIT
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RELATED
CARCINOGENS
CIGERATTE Smoking/ TOBACCO
Contains about 800 ingredients
About 70 are Pro-carcinogens
Aromatic, NNK, Polonium210,
Arsenic, Nickle Cadmium
Alpha-and beta-naphthylamine.
Various Promoters –Acetaldehyde/phenol
Nicotine is not carcinogen;but ADDICTER
 BETAL NUT
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Direct irritant on Buccal Mucosa
 ALCOHOL
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Acetaldehyde acts as promoter
Causes Oro-pharynx ,Oesophagus,
Stomach, Liver Ca.
PATHOGENESIS
Five classes of genes are involved in normal
growth :
 1)Proto-0ncogenes
 2) Tumor suppressor genes.
 3)Genes that regulate apoptosis.
 4)Gene that regulate DNA repair
 5)Gene that act on proof
reading
enzymes
CARCINOGENESIS
Multistep Process of Carcinogenesis
 Genetic (point) mutation,Chromosomal translocation.
 Results in changes Hyperplasia ---Dysplasia--Carcinoma in situ---Invasive Ca.
 Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene P16, P53 &
RbAmplification of proto-oncogene Cyclin D1
 Expression of Epidermal Growth Factors Receptors
 Increased expression of cHA-ras oncogene, p21 has
been noted
 Procarcinogens ---Chemical transformation to be carcinogens
 To convert normal cell into neoplastic cell
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INITIATOR
Permanent DNA damage
Mutation incell
PROMOTER
Additional Mutation initiated cell
TOBACCO AND
CANCER
 Tobacco-smoking /nonsmoking form can cause cancer
of various organs/part of body
: Lungs ,oral cavity , larynx,esophagus,
urinary
bladder.kidney, pancreas
stomach , breast ,
 Smoking is primary etiology in more than 80% of LUNG cancer.
 Environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) has increased risk of
lung cancer as lighted end of cigarette can eliminate carcinogenic
compounds with smoke to the atmosphere
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Smoking and alcohol increases risk for ca esophagus as much as
44 times.
 Tobacco use is leading preventable cause of cancer
disease.
 Approximately 90% of Head &Neck cancer occurs
after exposure to known carcinogen, tobacco in any form,
Betal nut, gutka, khani, alcohol
TOBACCO KILLS
 Tobacco use the primary risk factor for leading cancer killer, ranked
fourth most preventable health risk behind malnutrition, unsafe sex,
high B.P.
 Overall Smoking appears to have been linked to > 70% of cancer
death
 >Passive smokers are at increased risk (30%) to develop cancer when
living with a smoker.
 Cigarette smoking accounts for 50% bladder cancer in man&31% in
woman..
 Tobacco use a leading GLOBAL Cancer Risk
 The world is living dangerously, either because it has little
choice or because
it is making the wrong choices about consumption and
activity. Smoking cannot be rational. If you smoke just 1-2
cigarette/day, you are not at a lesser risk because all it takes
to trigger an event is just one
TARGET POPULATION
Vast majority of smoker start before the age of 19yrs.So it is
crucial that
young people and teenager are discouraged from smoking.& tobacco
Diseases starts & progression depends on number of yrs. of smoking or
tobacco chewing.
 If one start at very young age, by the time he reach adult hood he/she
may
develop disease leading to many premature death.
MYSTERY
 This painful disease is always painless to start with.
 Unfortunately, majority found at late stage, account very
high death rate of about 45% at 5 yrs.
High treatment related morbidity
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 Poor prognosis.
 Late diagnosis is not it is hard to diagnosed.
 Because of lack of Public awareness and lack of
nation programme for opportunistic screening..
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Quitting Smoking Affect The
Risk Of Developing CANCER
 Major & immediate health benefit.
 Quitting smoking decreases the risk of lung & other
cancer diseases.
 Earlier a person quit, the greater the health benefits.
 If one quit before 50yrs reduces the risk of dying in next
15yrs by half compared with those who continue
smoking.
LAW AND LEGISLATION
1)Smoking prohibited in
public placeses.
2)Picturial Warning
about cancer on
cigrette packets and
tobacco pouch.
3)Punishment in form of
fine or imprisonment
or both.
TOBACCO COMPANIES
TAKE HOME MESSAGE