Transcript Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering

Chapter 13:
Genetic Engineering
13-1
Changing the Living World
Selective Allowing only those
Breeding individuals with
desired traits to
reproduce
Domesticated
animals have been
produced using this
method
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Selective Allows an increased
Breeding opportunity for
desired traits to be
passed on
Different breeds of
plant and animal are
a result
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Hybridization Crossing
dissimilar
individuals to
bring together
the best of each
Tend to be hardier
against disease
(more resistant)
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Inbreeding  Continued
breeding
of individuals with
similar characteristics
Maintains
desired
characteristics
Risks: due to close
similarity, may bring
together neg. effects
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Line
breeding
 Breeding
closely
related individuals
(not as closely related
as in inbreeding)
Still
keeps desired
traits from each
parent
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Outcrossing Same as
hybridization
13-1
 Increasing Done by mutations
variation (which may be
natural or induced)
These will be
inherited
PolyploidMany sets of
chromosomes
Fatal in animals
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Manipulating DNA
Making changes
Genetic
Engineering in DNA in living
organisms
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Cell Transformation
TransformationCell takes in
DNA from
outside the cell
The external
DNA becomes
part of cell’s
DNA
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Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic Contain
genes from
Organisms other organisms
Gene from other
organism is
inserted into cells
of other organisms
Revolutionized
agriculture
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
mice – w/
human genes
making their
immune system act
as ours so effects of
medicine can be
studied
Transgenic Animals:
Organisms
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic  Livestock – w/ x-tra
growth
hormone
so
Organisms
they grow faster and
have more meat, less
fat
(GM) –
genetically modified
Plants:
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Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic Plants:
some
Organisms produce natural
insecticides
Plants: some are
naturally resistant
to weed-killing
chemicals
(round-up ready)
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Application of Gen. Engineering
Cloning Creation
of a member
of a population
genetically identical
to another
1997 – Ian Wilmut –
cloned sheep “Dolly”
Since this cows, pigs,
and mice have been