Transcript The Nine Core Technologies

The Nine Core Technologies
Technology
The application of knowledge, skills, and
resources to solve human problems and
extend human capabilities. It is an applied
scientific study of the human-made world.
Technology can be broken into the
following nine applied sciences or core
technologies. These core technologies are
the foundation of every technology
system.
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
TECHNOLOGY
Bio Technology
The technology of using, adapting, and altering
organisms and biological processes for a
desired outcome.
Applications of Bio Technology
 Hybrids
 Genetic Engineering
 Cloning
 Controlled Environmental Agriculture
 Hydroponics
 Aquaculture
 Integrated Pest Management
Hybrids
A hybrid is the offspring of two plants (or animals) of different
varieties, breeds, or species. The hybrid has characteristics of both
its “parents”.
NAMING HYBRID BIG CATS
Only those hybrids which have been assigned names are listed. The usual
convention is a "portmanteau word" comprising first part of male parent's name then
second part of female parent's name (occasionally first part of male parent's name
then first part of the female's name). Complex hybrids use the first part of the male
parent's name followed by the original hybrid name.. The number of hypothetical
hybrids is extensive.
Father
Mother
Offspring
Notes
Lion
Tiger
Liger
Tawny, golden and white forms.
Tiger
Lion
Tigon
Tawny, golden and white forms.
Lion
Liger
Li-liger
More lion-like.
Lion
Tigon
Li-tigon
More lion-like.
Tiger
Liger
Ti-liger (tig-liger)
More tiger-like.
Tiger
Tigon
Ti-tigon
More tiger-like.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering gives organisms traits they never had naturally.
One way is by altering the organism’s normal genetic code. Another
way is by moving one organism's DNA into another.
Cloning
Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism
through nonsexual means.
The following three types of cloning technologies:
(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning
(2) reproductive cloning
(3) therapeutic cloning
Therapeutic
cloning
Reproductive cloning
DNA cloning
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) integrates mechanization,
computer-control and advanced sensors, intensive management of nutrition
and pests, and any of a number of structures to develop highly productive,
high-quality crops.
Hydroponics is often defined as "the cultivation of plants in water."
Research has since determined that many different aggregates or media
will support plant growth; therefore, the definition of hydroponics has
been broadened to read "the cultivation of plants without soil."
Aquaculture is the rearing of fish, shellfish, or plants in water under
controlled conditions.
Integrated Pest Management combines various techniques to control pest.
• Mechanical controls
• Cultural controls
• Biological controls
Applications of Bio Technology
• Prevention
of Disease
• Diagnosis of Disease
• Treatment of Disease
• Prosthetics
Prevention refers to lowering the risk of disease.
This is largely because the most common diseases in
developed nations today are chronic disease -- like
heart disease and cancer. And chronic diseases tend to
be caused by a combination of many different factors,
some of which are under a person's control (like diet),
some of which are out of person's control (like age), and
some of which are still unknown. With so many factors
driving risk -- only a portion of which can actually be
changed -- the realistic goal of prevention becomes
lowering the risk of disease, not eliminating it.
To identify a disease or illness by the signs and symptoms.
Methods:
• Laboratory Tests
• Instrumental Screening
• Medical Imaging
• Surgical Examination
• Genetic Testing
One goal of treatment is to cure disease, but when a disease is
unknown or incurable, the goal is to relieve symptoms such as pain.
• Recombinant of DNA
Genetic material that has been altered and recombined in the
laboratory by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together specific
DNA fragments. Many drugs, including the HBV vaccines, are
produced using recombinant DNA methods
• Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are identical because
they were produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a
single parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies are often used in
diagnostic tests, such as ELISA.
• Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective
genes responsible for disease development.
Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease
development. Researchers may use one of several approaches for correcting faulty
genes:
A normal gene may be inserted into a nonspecific location within the genome to
replace a nonfunctional gene. This approach is most common.
An abnormal gene could be swapped for a normal gene through homologous
recombination.
The abnormal gene could be repaired through selective reverse mutation, which
returns the gene to its normal function.
The regulation (the degree to which a gene is turned on or off) of a particular
gene could be altered.
• Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering is the development and manipulation of
laboratory-grown molecules, cells, tissues and organs to replace
or support the function of defective or injured body parts.
• Surgical Treatments
New surgical tools and techniques have been developed. The
provide more effective treatment, with less pain and faster
recovery, than traditional surgery.
• Laser Surgery
• Cryosurgery
• Ultrasound
• Stomach Stapling
• Angioplasty
• Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
That branch of medicine which deals with that artificial
replacement of missing, diseased, or injured body pats.
Electrical Technology
The technology of producing, storing,
controlling, transmitting, and getting work
from electrical energy.
Generators
Electric motors
Alarm systems
Circuits (parallel & series)
Magnets
Generating systems
Conversion systems
Electronics Technology
• The technology of using small amounts of
electricity for controlling; detecting; and
information collecting, storing, retrieving,
processing, and communicating.
Computers
Telephones
Radio & Television
DVD
Video
Internet
Fluid Technology
The technology of using fluid either gaseous
(pneumatics) or liquids (hydraulics) to
apply force or to transport.
Air Pumps
Water pumps
Hydraulics
Pneumatics
Materials Technology
The technology of producing, altering, and
combining materials.
Metal
Alloys
Nonmetals
Composites
Strength of shapes
Stress
Forces
Mechanical Technology
The technology of putting mechanical parts
together to produce, control, and transmit
motion.
Simple machines
Cams
Linkages
Machines
Transportation Methods
Optical Technology
The technology of producing light;
controlling light; and using light for
information collection, processing, storage,
retrieval, and communication, and using
light to do work.
Microscope
Scanners
Lasers
Doppler effect
Fiber optics
Refraction
Telescopes
Reflection
Bar code readers
Structural Technology
The technology of putting parts and
materials together to create supports,
containers, shelters, connectors, and
functional shapes.
Post and Beam
Frame
Mass
Suspension
Cantilever
Pressurized
Thermal Technology
The technology of producing, storing,
controlling, transmitting, and getting work
from heat energy.
Thermometers
Solar
Refrigeration
Radiation
Heat Pumps
Furnaces
Air conditioners
Insulation
THE END