Transcript Genetics
GENETICS Lab Biology- Chapter 9 Honors Biology- Chapter 12 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS Modified genome of an organism Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome DNA from same species DNA from different species- Transgenic organisms GOLDEN RICE Insertion of genes to produce a precursor of vitamin A (betacarotene) Helps areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A White rice Golden rice DANGERS OF GMO’S Unexpected allergies Introduction of new genes to a population Creation of invasive species HONORS- GENE EXPRESSION- EUKARYOTES Gene expression- activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein Chromosome coiling Euchromatin- uncoiled form Heterochromatin- condensed form HONORS- TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS Transcription factors Proteins that regulate transcription Enhancer- noncoding sequence that helps activate transcription GENETICS Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring Gene- unit of heredity found of a DNA molecule Encodes for a trait CHROMOSOMES OCCUR IN PAIRS GENES OCCUR IN PAIRS ALLELE Allele- symbols (letters) used to represent genes Potential alternate forms Ex. T=tall, t= short DOMINANT Trait expressed Capital letter T=tall, B= purple Masks another trait RECESSIVE Trait that may not be expressed Lowercase letter t= short, b=white Only expressed when there is no dominant trait present HOMOZYGOUS/PURE Both alleles are the same Examples: TT tt bb CC HETEROZYGOUS/ HYBRID Alleles differ Examples: Tt Bb Cc GENOTYPE Genetic make up Examples: homozygous, heterozygous, GG, Bb, Qq PHENOTYPE Physical appearance Examples: Tall, short, blue, wrinkled CROSS Symbolic of reproduction _________x ___________ P Generation= Parental generation F1= first generation F2= second generation PUNNET SQUARE Diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotype of offspring http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/gen bio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.ht ml Does not work on iPads http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html REMEMBER! Genetic recombination Scrambling Occurs of genes in meiosis during prophase 1 Can alter probability of genotype and phenotype ratios