Transcript Alien Alleles - Spring Lake Park Schools

 24
Jan 2013
 Open Notability app.
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Click on + sign next to unfiled.
Title it Science. Click done on keyboard.
Tap on Science and create a new note.
Use the drawing tool to answer today’s JQ.
 Check
out your earlobes. Detached lobes are
DOMINANT over attached lobes. Using the
letter “D or d”, write down your phenotype
and possible genotype for this trait.
A journey through genetics
On a mission to the planet Gorgonzola, you
encounter a new variety of life never before
seen. You decide to bring a sample back to
Earth to study this interesting new life form.
Your job is to determine how traits are passed
on from parents to their offspring in this
alien population.
 Safari,
SpringLakeParkSchools.org
 Search “Schwach”
 Under Seventh Grade Life Science, Alien
Alleles, get the following document and save
to Pages:

Heredity Chart 1
 Open

the Coin Toss App.
Heads is DOMINANT, Tails is recessive.
 In
Heredity Chart 1, fill in the results of your
flip for each of the following traits:
Trait
Options for PHENOTYPE
DOMINANT TRAIT
RECESSIVE TRAIT
Color
Blue
Yellow
Eyes
Round
Square
Nose
Triangular
Oval
Gender
Male (Left side of room)
Female (Right side of room)
This goes in the chart “Parent (P1)”, under “Phenotype”.
Parent (P1)
Trait
Color
Eyes
Nose
Gender
Phenotype
Genotype
In Heredity Chart 1, fill in the name of
your alien in the Parent (P1) box
(page 2).
This first set of aliens is HOMOZYGOUS
for all traits.
 Remember:
The prefix “homo” means “the
same.”
 Homozygous means that both alleles are the
same for a trait.
 Examples:
AA or aa
 Use
the following information (Found on
Heredity Chart 1) to fill in the genotype for
each trait.
Dominant
Recessive
 Color:
Blue
Yellow
 Eyes:
Round
Square
 Nose:
Triangular
Oval
 Gender:
Male=XY
Female=XX
 Under
the chart, use the shapes and tools in
Pages to CREATE your alien.
 Makes sure that the traits listed match the
traits we see.
 Decorate however you want.
Be creative and have fun!!!
 Your
teacher will pair your alien with one of
the opposite gender (sit together).
 Record your mate’s info on Heredity Chart 1
under “Mate (P1)”.

Write name, phenotype and genotype.
 Then
create this alien (you can recreate it
OR find a way to have your partner send it to
you!)
 25
Jan 2013
 Using Notability, draw a Punnett Square.
Purple is dominant over white for pea plant
flowers.
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Cross a heterozygous male with a homozygous
recessive female.
Be sure to label the letters and traits.
What percent of offspring will be homozygous?
What percent of offspring will be heterozygous?
What percent will be purple? White?
 Punnett
squares are used to predict the
possible phenotypes and genotypes of
offspring.
 Remember, each organism carries two sets of
genes (one from each parent).
 When they reproduce, they pass down one of
these two alleles to their offspring.
A
a
 First,
place the
genes of one parent
on the top.
 We use letters (any
letter will do).
 Capital letters
represent dominant
alleles, and lower
case letters are
recessive.
A
A
a
a
 Next,
place the
genes of the other
parent on the side.
 Again, capital
letters represent
dominant alleles,
and lower case
letters are
recessive.
A
a
A
a
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
 Now,
we distribute
those same letters
to the boxes below
or next to them.
We always write
the dominant allele
first!
A
a
A
a
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
Genotype
AA =
aa =
Aa =
 Punnett
squares tell
us the POSSIBLE
genotypes and
phenotypes of
offspring
 They can also tell us
the CHANCES of that
genotype or
phenotype
Phenotype
dominant trait
recessive trait
dominant trait
 Next,
complete a Punnett square for each
trait, using your Alien (P1) and the mate (P1)
as parents.
This shows the POSSIBLE traits of offspring the
parents could create.
Color
Nose
Eyes
Gender
Complete this worksheet
 When
your P1 aliens mate, they produce the
F1 generation.
 Remember, parents pass on one of their two
copies of each gene to their children, or
offspring.
Write the male’s
genotypes here,
one gene per
box.
Write the female’s
genotypes here,
one gene per box.
Genotype
Trait
Color
Eyes
Nose
Gender
(X or Y)
Of Mom
Of Dad
Offspring
Genotype
From
Mom
From
Dad
Offspring
Phenotype
 Under
“from mom” put one gene that the
offspring would receive from its mother.

Since the mother is homozygous for each trait,
there is only one possible gene she could
contribute.
Genotype
Trait
Color
Eyes
Nose
Gender
(X or Y)
Of Mom
B
B
Of Dad
Offspring
Genotype
From
Mom
B
From
Dad
Offspring
Phenotype
 Repeat
the process for the dad.
 Under “from dad” put one gene that the
offspring would receive from its father.
Offspring
Genotype
Genotype
Trait
Color
Eyes
Nose
Gender
(X or Y)
Of Mom
B
B
Of Dad
b
b
From
Mom
From
Dad
B
b
Offspring
Phenotype
 These
2 genes make up the GENOTYPE for
this trait.
 Since genes determine the traits, the
genotype tells us the PHENOTYPE, or
feature, an organism has.
Offspring
Genotype
Genotype
Trait
Color
Of Mom
B
B
Of Dad
b
b
From
Mom
From
Dad
Offspring
Phenotype
B
b
Blue
Eyes
Nose
Gender
(X or Y)
Finally, use these new genotypes to
write down the traits: not Bb, but blue!
 If
you find 2 dominant alleles, we call
that “homozygous dominant”, and the
organism would display the dominant
trait.

ex: BB = Blue
Homozygous=Same
Dominant=Stronger
 If
you find 2 recessive alleles, we call that
“homozygous recessive”, and the
organism would display the recessive trait.

ex: bb = Yellow
Homozygous=Same
Recessive=Hidden
 If
you find 1 dominant and 1 recessive
allele, we call that “heterozygous”, and
the organism would display the dominant
trait.

ex: Bb = Blue
Heterozygous=Different
 Now
that you know this offspring’s phenotype
and genotype for each trait, create him or
her and assign a fitting (and appropriate)
name.
 Make sure to use your chart to create
offspring with the appropriate traits.
 Your
teacher will group you with another
student.
 You will exchange your F1 alien with this
person for mating.
 Record your new mate’s information under
“Mate (F1)”
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You will have to check their chart to make sure
you have the correct genotype/phenotype.
 Create
a picture of your mate.
 Next,
create Punnett squares for each trait
that their offspring could have.
 Make sure you are using your F1 offspring as
parents!
 When
your F1 aliens reproduce, they will
create the F2 generation.
 Since your F1 aliens might be heterozygous
for some traits, the way they pass genes gets
a little more complicated.
 You are going to flip a coin to decide which
genes each parent passes down.
 Again,
you will fill in the columns with the
genes that mom and dad will pass down.
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If the parent is homozygous (ex: BB, bb), they
simply pass on one of these letters.
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If the parent is heterozygous (ex: Bb), you must
flip a coin to decide which gene will be passed
down.
Example:
Mom=Bb
Dad=Bb
Offspring
Genotype
Genotype

Trait
Color
Of Mom
B
b
Of Dad
B
b
From
Mom
From
Dad
Offspring
Phenotype
B
b
Blue
Eyes
Nose
For color, I flip a coin
for mom. If I get
heads, I write B under
“Mom”.
Then I try for
dad. If I get tails,
I write a b under
“Dad”.
Gender
(X or Y)
Heads=dominant, Tails=recessive
 Remember:
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2 dominant alleles (ex: BB)= “homozygous
dominant”, and the organism would display the
dominant trait.
2 recessive alleles (ex: bb)= “homozygous
recessive”, and the organism would display the
recessive trait.
1 dominant and 1 recessive allele (ex: Bb)=
“heterozygous”, and the organism would display
the dominant trait.
Remember:
Dominant beats out recessive
when they are paired.
 The
F1 generation creates 2 babies, so you
will create ANOTHER offspring (Offspring 1
and Offspring 2) from these same parents.
 The outcome should be TWO unique offspring
in the F2 generation.
 Create
BOTH of your F2 offspring.
 Make sure you are following your charts and
creating aliens that match the genotype and
phenotype that you have listed for each.
 Label one with Offspring 1 (F2) and the other
Offspring 2 (F2)—MAKE SURE IT CORRECTLY
CORRESPONDS WITH YOUR CHARTS!
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Copy the questions onto your paper and
respond with your answer. You may use
your SN, the textbook, or your teacher as
a resource.
NO TALKING or working together.
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Explain the connection/relationship between
genes, traits and DNA.
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Explain why an organism looks/acts the way that
it does? (How does it “get” its traits?)
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Can traits ever be changed/altered-explain.
Would this affect the offspring? Examples are
AWESOME!