Transcript daughter getting taller tall

11.1 Work of
Gregor
Mendel
11.2 Applying
Mendel’s
Principles
11.3 Other
Patterns of
Inheritance
11.4 Meiosis
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1Each pea-plant gamete has how many
alleles for the height gene?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
A
1
2A mule is the result of a cross between a
donkey and a horse. A mule is a
A
tetrad.
B
phenotype.
C
genotype.
D
hybrid.
D
hybrid.
3Gregor Mendel removed the male parts
from the flowers of some plants in order
to
A
prevent hybrids from forming.
B
prevent cross-pollination.
C
stimulate self-pollination.
D
control crosses between plants.
D
control crosses between
plants.
4 If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green
peas, it will produce
A
green peas if it also has a dominant allele for
yellow peas.
B
both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a
dominant allele for yellow peas.
C
green peas if it does not also have a dominant
allele for yellow peas.
D
yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant
allele for green peas.
C
green peas if it does not
also have a dominant
allele for yellow peas.
5When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant
with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
A
one allele from each parent.
B
two alleles from each parent.
C
three alleles from each parent.
D
four alleles from each parent.
A
one allele from each
parent.
6If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt,
what is true of its parents?
A
Both parents were tall.
B
Both parents were short.
C
Both parents contributed a recessive allele.
D
Both parents contributed a dominant allele.
C
Both parents contributed
a recessive allele.
7 When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall
plants with true-breeding short plants, why was
it impossible to observe segregation?
A
Alleles for height do not segregate in the F2.
B
Alleles segregate only in the F2 generation.
C
Alleles segregate best when two tall plants are
crossed.
D
Alleles in the F1 must be Tt to have height variety
in the F2.
D
Alleles in the F1 must be
Tt to have height variety
in the F2.
8A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short
plant (Tt). If the tall F1 pea plants are
allowed to self-pollinate,
A
the offspring will be of medium height.
B
all of the offspring will be tall.
C
all of the offspring will be short.
D
the offspring can be tall or short.
D
the offspring can be
tall or short.
9 In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a
short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2
generation because
A
the allele for shortness becomes more common in the
F2 generation.
B
the allele for shortness becomes dominant in the F2
generation.
C
the alleles for both heights segregated when the F1
plants made gametes.
D
the alleles for tallness begin to disappear in the F2
generation.
C
the alleles for both
heights segregated when
the F1 plants made
gametes.
10 When you flip a coin, what is the
probability that it will come up tails?
A
1
B
1/2
C
1/4
D
1/8
B
1/2
11 The principles of probability can be used to
A
predict the traits of the offspring of genetic
crosses.
B
determine the actual outcomes of genetic
crosses.
C
determine which species should be used in
genetic crosses.
D
decide which organisms are best to use in
genetic crosses.
A
predict the traits of the
offspring of genetic
crosses.
12 A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed
with a short plant. The probability that an
F1 plant will be tall is
A
25%.
B
50%.
C
75%.
D
100%.
B
50%.
13 Organisms that have two identical
alleles for a particular trait are said to be
A
hybrid.
B
homozygous.
C
heterozygous.
D
dominant.
B
homozygous.
14 In the Punnett square
shown in Figure 11–1,
which of the following is
true about the offspring
resulting from the cross?
A
About half are expected to
be short.
B
All are expected to be short.
C
About three fourths are
expected to be tall.
D
All are expected to be tall.
Tt
T
t
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
TT
T
=
Tall
t
=
Short
Figure 11–1
D
All are expected to be
tall.
15 What principle states that during gamete
formation genes for different traits separate
without influencing each other’s inheritance?
A
principle of dominance
B
principle of independent assortment
C
principle of probabilities
D
principle of segregation
B
principle of independent
assortment
16 The Punnett square in Figure 11–2 shows that the
gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
A
assort independently.
B
are linked.
C
have the same alleles.
D
are always homozygous.
RrYy
RY
RrYy
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Seed Shape
R = Round
r = Wrinkled
Seed Color
Y = Yellow
y = Green
Figure 11–2
A
assort independently.
17 How many different allele combinations
would be found in the gametes produced
by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?
A
2
B
4
C
8
D
16
A
2
18 Use Figure 11–3 to answer the following
question. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for
round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea
plant that is homozygous for round peas but
heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many
different phenotypes are their offspring expected
to show?
RRYy
A
RrYy
RY
Ry
RY
Ry
2
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RRYY
RRYy
B
4
C
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
RRyy
8
D
rY
RrYY
RrYy
RrYY
RrYy
16
ry
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy
Rryy
Figure 11–3
A
2
19 Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics
apply to
A
plants only.
B
animals only.
C
pea plants only.
D
all organisms.
D
all organisms.
20 Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan use fruit
flies in his studies?
A
Fruit flies produce a large number of offspring.
B
Fruit flies take a long time to produce
offspring.
C
Fruit flies share certain characteristics with pea
plants.
D
Fruit flies have a long life span.
A
Fruit flies produce a large
number of offspring.
21 A male and female bison that are both
heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation
(Aa) produce an albino offspring (aa). Which
of Mendel’s principles explain(s) why the
offspring is albino?
A
dominance only
B
independent assortment only
C
dominance and segregation
D
segregation only
C
dominance and
segregation
22 Roan cattle show codominance for the
color of their hair. There are alleles for red
hair and white hair. What would you expect a
heterozygous roan bull to look like if the trait
showed incomplete dominance instead?
A
It would be red.
B
It would be white.
C
It would be spotted.
D
It would be pink.
D
It would be pink.
23 A breed of chicken shows codominance for
feather color. One allele codes for black
feathers, another codes for white feathers.
The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this
breed will be
A
black.
B
white.
C
gray.
D
speckled.
D
speckled.
24 Situations in which one allele for a gene
is not completely dominant over another
allele for that gene are called
A
multiple alleles.
B
incomplete dominance.
C
polygenic inheritance.
D
multiple genes.
B
incomplete dominance.
25 A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white
chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring
(BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as
A
incomplete dominance.
B
polygenic inheritance.
C
codominance.
D
multiple alleles.
C
codominance.
26 Variation in human skin color is an
example of
A
incomplete dominance.
B
codominance.
C
polygenic traits.
D
multiple alleles.
C
polygenic traits.
27 What determines the color of western
white butterflies?
A
genes alone.
B
the environment alone
C
temperature and genes
D
exposure to sunlight and genes
C
temperature and genes
28 Which of the following supports the
claim that the environment can affect
genetic traits?
A
Oak trees get taller as they grow.
B
Hydrangea flower color varies with soil pH.
C
Dandelion plants are self pollinating.
D
Pinion trees bear cones every other year.
B
Hydrangea flower color
varies with soil pH.
29 The arctic fox is blue-gray in the
summer and white in the winter. What
most likely influence(s) this change?
A
genes and the environment
B
dominant alleles
C
the environment alone
D
codominant alleles
A
genes and the
environment
30 The number of chromosomes in a
gamete is represented by the symbol
A
Z.
B
X.
C
N.
D
Y.
C
N.
31 If an organism’s diploid number is 12,
its haploid number is
A
12.
B
6.
C
24.
D
3.
B
6.
32 Gametes have
A
homologous chromosomes.
B
twice the number of chromosomes found in
body cells.
C
two sets of chromosomes.
D
one allele for each gene.
D
one allele for each
gene.
33 Gametes are produced by the process
of
A
mitosis.
B
meiosis.
C
crossing-over.
D
replication.
B
meiosis.
34 What is shown in Figure 11–4?
A
independent assortment
B
anaphase I of meiosis
C
crossing-over
D
replication
Figure 11–4
C
crossing-over
35 Chromosomes form tetrads during
A
prophase I of meiosis.
B
metaphase I of meiosis.
C
interphase.
D
anaphase II of meiosis.
A
prophase I of meiosis.
36 What reduces the number of
chromosomes during meiosis?
A
Crossing-over occurs.
B
Metaphase occurs.
C
Replication occurs twice.
D
Replication does not occur.
D
Replication does not
occur.
37 Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the
formation of
A
diploid cells.
B
haploid cells.
C
2N daughter cells.
D
body cells.
B
haploid cells.
38 What is formed at the end of meiosis?
A
two genetically identical cells
B
four genetically different cells
C
four genetically identical cells
D
two genetically different cells
B
four genetically
different cells
39 At the end of meiosis, there are
A
two haploid daughter cells.
B
four haploid daughter cells.
C
two diploid daughter cells.
D
four diploid daughter cells.
B
four haploid daughter
cells.
40 Which of the following assort
independently?
A
chromosomes
B
linked genes
C
multiple alleles
D
codominant alleles
A
chromosomes
41 Linked genes
A
are never separated.
B
assort independently.
C
are on the same chromosome.
D
are always recessive.
C
are on the same
chromosome.
42 Which trait is most likely linked to
having a curved wing in the fruit fly in
Figure 11–5?
A
dumpy wing
B
vestigial wing
C
arc (bent wings)
D
speck wing
B
vestigial wing
43 Gene maps are based on
A
the frequencies of crossing-over.
B
independent assortment.
C
genetic diversity.
D
the number of genes in a cell.
A
the frequencies of
crossing-over.
44 If two genes are on the same chromosome
and rarely assort independently,
A
crossing-over never occurs between the genes.
B
crossing-over always occurs between the
genes.
C
the genes are probably located far apart from
each other.
D
the genes are probably located close to each
other.
D
the genes are probably
located close to each
other.
45 The farther apart two genes are located
on a chromosome, the
A
less likely they are to be inherited together.
B
more likely they are to be linked.
C
less likely they are to assort independently.
D
less likely they are to be separated by
crossing over.
A
less likely they are to
be inherited together.
46
A trait is a specific characteristic that varies
from one individual to another.
_________________________
47
True-breeding plants that produced axial flowers
were crossed with true-breeding plants that produced
terminal flowers. The resulting offspring all produced
terminal flowers because the allele for terminal flowers is
recessive. _________________________
48
During the formation of gametes in a hybrid tall
plant, the tall allele and the short allele stay together.
_________________________
49
If the alleles for a trait did not segregate during
gamete formation, offspring would always show the
trait of at least one of the parents.
_________________________
50
The principles of probability can explain the
numerical results of Mendel’s experiments.
_________________________
51
The probability that a gamete produced by a pea plant
heterozygous for stem height (Tt) will contain the recessive
allele is 100%. _________________________
52
If Mendel had found that an F2 cross of plants that were heterozygous
for two traits had made offspring with two phenotypes, this finding would have
supported the theory of independent assortment.
_________________________
53
A trait in an unidentified plant is controlled by one gene that has two
alleles. One allele is dominant over the other. According to Mendel’s principles,
one fourth of the offspring made from a cross between two heterozygous plants
will show the recessive trait. _________________________
54
If two speckled chickens are mated, according to the
principle of codominance, 25% of the offspring are expected to
be speckled. _________________________
55
Coat color in rabbits is determined by a single gene
that has multiple alleles. _________________________
56
If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its
egg cells, the organism’s diploid number is 32.
_________________________
57
If an organism is heterozygous for a particular gene,
the two different alleles will be separated during anaphase II
of meiosis, assuming that no crossing-over has occurred.
_________________________
58
Mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis
results in one cell. _________________________
59
If an organism has four linkage groups, it has
eight chromosomes. _________________________
60
Genes in the same linkage group are usually
inherited separately. _________________________
61
The plants that Gregor Mendel crossed to produce
the F1 generation made up the ____________________
generation.
62
Due to the process of segregation, alleles separate
during the production of ____________________
63
An organism has 38 chromosomes in a body cell. After
mitosis each cell has 38 chromosomes. After meiosis each
gamete has ____________________ chromosomes.
64
What is the probability of flipping a coin and
getting heads 5 times in a row?
Figure 11–1
T
=
Tall
t
=
Short
T
Tt
t
TT
65
In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, the
genotypes of the offspring are ____________________.
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
66
The principle of independent assortment states that
____________________ for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
67
If pea plants that are homozygous for round, yellow seeds (RRYY)
were crossed with pea plants that are heterozygous for round, yellow seeds
(RrYy), the expected phenotype(s) of the offspring would be
_________________________.
68
____________________’s principles can be
used to study heredity in dogs, cats and sheep.
69
The reddish-brown pigment that gives color to a
fruit-fly’s eye is controlled by three genes, so a fruit fly’s
eye color is a __________________.
70
Western white butterflies that hatch in springtime have more pigment
in their wings than those that hatch in summer. The darker wings help the
butterflies stay warmer by absorbing more ____________________ than the
lighter-colored wings.
71
The characteristics of an organism are
determined by two factors: ____________________.
72
In four o’clock plants, flower color is controlled
by two alleles that show
_________________________.
73
An organism’s gametes have
____________________ the number of chromosomes
found in the organism’s body cells.
74
Crossing-over occurs during the stage of
meiosis called ____________________.
75
The relative locations of each known gene can
be shown on a ____________________ map.