Transcript Copyright Declaration

Biology for Future
Presidents
Important Concepts That Can Be Easily Understood
Week5
Genes
What Are They?
Where Are They?
by Professor Larry N. Vanderhoef
Chancellor Emeritus & Distinguished Professor
University of California, Davis, U.S.A
Design courtesy of fppt.com
Unless noted, the course materials are licensed
under Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC
BY-NC-SA 2.5)
GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Flickr Boss Tweed
Flickr hbunny
Red rose
Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli
J.G.: The Wizard of Oz, etc.
L.M.: Caberet, etc.
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
“Little People, Big World”
Reality TV
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Flickr Aine D
Attached earlobes - recessive
Unattached earlobe - dominant
Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner
4
GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Gregor Mendel
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Biology10thgrade
Mendel at work on crossing
experiments with garden peas
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Has recessive disappeared?
4)
1)
2)
5)
No!
3)
DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity
Pea characteristics
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Mendel Made Many Important Discoveries
About Genes
1.They came in pairs
For example, ear lobes – attached and
unattached.
2.One in the pair ma be dominant over the
other. Ear lobes – unattached is dominant
over attached.
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Mendel’s ground- breaking
paper was overlooked –
even by Darwin!
Source: Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, http://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html
Mendel’s paper – first page
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
Darwin and Mendel made discoveries about what was going on inside the
cell before they knew much at all about the inside of the cell.
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY?
Hooke’s microscope, drawn by
Hooke in 1665
Robert Hooke and his drawing of a
thin slice of cork, seen through his
microscope
Cork “cells”?
11
GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Robert Hooke’s drawings
flea
Fly eyes
louse
Did Hooke make these drawings? Or was it one
Of his bright young lab assistants, Christopher Wren…
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Christopher Wren
St. Paul’s Cathedral
Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg
One of many Wren buildings
that dot the London skyline
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE
THEY?
Ancient
eye glasses
The magnifying properties of drops of melted glass led to the
development of eyeglasses
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Galileo Galilei
1564-1642
The Platform of High-Scope Program - hp1
Galileo and his telescope 1610
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Robert Hooke’s drawings
flea
Fly eyes
louse
16
GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE
THEY?
Nicolas Hartsoeker – conception of sperm - Preformation
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The Cell
Acetabularia
Wikipedia albert kok
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE
ARE THEY?
Origin of
nucleus
Archaean
line
Origin of
mitochondria
Eukaryote
line
Photosynthesis
Origin of
chloroplasts
Bacterial
line
3.8
bya
3.2
bya
2.7
bya
1.2
bya
900
mya
Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al.
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GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY?
Hooke’s microscope, drawn by
Hooke in 1665
Robert Hooke and his drawing of a
thin slice of cork, seen through his
microscope
Cork “cells”?
20
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Wikimedia Commons Miguelsierra
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Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2
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Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2
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Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure 6.4
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Wikimedia Commons Trailer screenshot
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_I_Could_Go_On_Singing
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2012/3/13 visited
Flickr Boss Tweed
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bosstweed/173972602/sizes/m/in/photostream/
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This work is from godijustwantaspace - Little People Big World +
http://godijustwantaspace.wikispaces.com/Little+People+Big+World
and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009
(http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of
OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
Wikipedia Hunter Freyer Subject: Michael Kelly's left earlobe.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earlobefreephoto.jpg
202/5/28 visited
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Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/genetics_puzzle.html
2011/12/27 visited
Flickr Aine D
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dainec/2596093/sizes/m/in/photostream/
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Wikimedia Commons: Author Unknown
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gregor_Mendel_portrait.jpg
2012/3/13 visited
Biology10thgrade
http://biology10thgrade.wikispaces.com/Genetic%20crosses2012/3/13 visited
DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity
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This work is from Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, http://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html and used for educational purpose only according to the claims
on the same page of the above website and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
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Wikimedia Commons painted c1674 by Mary Beale
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont_portrait.jpg?use
lang=zh-tw/
2012/3/13 visited
Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hooke_Microscope.jpg
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Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke
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Wikimeida Commons Robert Hooke
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oke,_1667.jpg/
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Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flea-Hooke.jpg
2012/3/13 visited
Wikipedia Robert Hooke
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Compoundeye.png
2012/3/13 visited
Wikimedia Commons Sir Godfrey Kneller
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Wren_by_Godfrey_Kneller_1
711.jpg/
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Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St._Paul%E2%80%99s_Cathedral_von_We
sten.jpg?uselang=zh-tw/
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Wikipedia RSekulovich
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Wikipedia Conrad von Soest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conrad_von_Soest,_%27Brillenapostel%27_%2814
03%29.jpg
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Wikimedia Commons Ottavio Leoni
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_by_leoni.jpg
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Wikipedia: Author Unknown
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2011/12/21 visited
The Platform of High-Scope Program - hp1
http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=1422
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Wikipedia albert kok
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2012/3/13 visited
This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier,
et. al. and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107
of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part3 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009
(http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of
OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part1 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009
(http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of
OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
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This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in
accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107
of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in
accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009
(http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of
OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure 6.4 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in
accordance with:
•Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65
•The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009
(http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of
OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act
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