Transcript Digestive System2

Digestive System
6 Types of Nutrients
1. Title the next page in your
toolkit “6 Types of Nutrients”
2. Make a small copy of the key
to the right in the UPPER
LEFT HAND CORNER of this
page.
*Be sure to make the circles
the appropriate size!!
3. Use the appropriate colored
pencils or make up your own
colors to color in the circles
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
6 Types of Nutrient Flipper
Layer each color in order (red on bottom) , fold an
anchor and glue:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proteins (red)
Carbohydrates (gold)
Fats/Lipids (yellow)
Vitamins (green)
Minerals (white)
Water (blue)
Food Glorious Food (purple cover)
6 Types of Nutrients
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
(What it is)
(What it does)
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
Draw picture of meats, eggs, nuts and
glue in amino acids and protein molecules.
1. used mostly for structure of cells
2. enzymes
3. antibodies
4. used for energy as a last resort!
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Draw a picture of grains, fiber, starches, fruits, veggies and
glue in sugar and starch molecules.
1. number one source of energy
2. fiber helps move food through the digestive system
3. last resort structure of cells!
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3. Fats /Lipids
(Fats/Lipids)
Draw a picture of a Fats-oils, nuts, butter and
glue in saturated fat, unsaturated fat and cholesterol molecules.
1. insulation is the most important
2. then padding
3. source of energy
4. transports vitamins
5. produces hormones
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
(shape)
(job)
4. Vitamins
Draw a picture of fruits and veggies and
diagram of Vitamin A molecule.
1. Prevent illness
2. Help with body processes
*Water-Soluble dissolve in water, get used or extra peed out.
*Fat-Soluble- dissolve in fat, and are stored in fat in body.
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5. Minerals
6. Water
Draw a picture of dairy products, red meats, salt and
diagram of calcium.
1. strong bones
2. blood needs iron
3. help with hormones
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Draw a picture of water and glue in water molecule.
1. Helps maintain body temperature
2. it helps dissolve things
3. makes up part of blood and other tissues
4. and needed for chemical reaction.
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7. Cover
Title “Food Glorious Food”
Eating FOODS brings NUTRIENTS into the body.
Each NUTRIENT then PROVIDES SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
in the body.
Digestion Essential Vocab
STRUCTURE
(shape)
FUNCTION
(job)
Mechanical
Digestion
Physically breaking down food into
smaller parts
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Chemical
Digestion
Chemically breaking down food into its
basic nutrient form with enzymes.
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STRUCTURE
(shape)
FUNCTION
(job)
Enzymes
Proteins made by the body to control
chemical reactions, including the
breakdown of food into it’s basic nutrients.
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Peristalsis
Wave of muscle contractions causing
food to move through food tube
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Sphincter
Ringed shaped muscle tissue which open
to allow substances to move from one
place to another
STRUCTURE
(shape)
Villi
Diffusion
FUNCTION
(job)
Finger shaped structures that cover the
inside of the small intestines, that make
more surface area for nutrients to be
absorbed into the blood stream
___________________________________
The process where molecules move so
there are equal amounts on both sides.
*Movement of molecules from a HIGH
concentration to LOW concentration
*Osmosis-same process only with water.
STRUCTURE
(shape)
FUNCTION
(job)
Alexis St. MartinSignificant
-Wounded by accidental shooting.
People in History
-Wound healed in a way that there
was a hole directly to his stomach.
-Many experiments performed on him
by Dr. William Beaumont.
Dr. William Beaumont-Treated Alexis St. Martin.
-Conducted experiments on Alexis St.
Martin.
-Discovered many important functions of
the human digestive system.
Digestive System Organs
STRUCTURE
(shape)
Teeth
Mouth
FUNCTION
(job)
Tear and grind food physically breaking it down
__________________________________________________
Place where food enters the digestive system, both
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
happens-this is where digestion begins!
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Tongue
Moves food around in mouth and helps with
swallowing.
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Salivary Glands
Makes and secretes* saliva.
Saliva
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1. Moistens food
2. Starts to chemically break down carbohydrates.
Various Structures of Teeth
Lost filling,
tooth before root canal
After root canal,
replaced filling,
STRUCTURE
(shape)
FUNCTION
(job)
Pharynx
Passage or tunnel that both food and air pass through
Epiglottis
Flap of tissue that closes when you
swallow to keep food from getting into part
of
the respiratory system.
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Esophagus
Tube that food travel through to get from the
pharynx to the stomach-NO digestion happens here!
DEMONSTRATE PERISTALSIS
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Stomach
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1. Acts like a churn (mechanical digestion)
2. Acid in the stomach breaks down food chemically
(**mucus-a slippery coating lines the stomach so
acid does not damage the organ)
3. PEPSIN (an enzyme) breaks down proteins
4. Food is stored in the stomach until it is released
into the small intestines.
STRUCTURE
(shape)
FUNCTION
(job)
Liver
Makes
BILE
_____________________________________________________________
Bile
Enzyme that breaks down fats, chemically
Gall Bladder
Stores the BILE then secretes it into the small
intestines
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Pancreas
Makes INSULIN, which gets secreted into the
small intestines
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Insulin
Enzyme which breaks down sugar
Small Intestines
1. Where MOST DIGESTION occurs
2. Where the ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS
takes place through VILLI
_________________________________________________
STRUCTURE
(shape)
Large Intestines
Appendix
FUNCTION
(job)
1. Location for ABSORPTION OF WATER
2. SOLID WASTE is formed
3. Bacteria help process some vitamins like K and D
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Organ that serves no purpose, and is at the front
end of the large intestine
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Rectum
Location for solid waste to collect and be
stored until expelled
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Anus
Anus is a sphincter muscle that allows solid
waste to come out of the body
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Feces
Solid Waste-all the “left overs” from body
includes fiber or cellulose.
(**mucus-a slippery coating lines the stomach
so
acid does not damage the organ)
How do nutrients get to my cells anyway?
(Back of Digestion and Food Tube)
Nutrients diffuse into the blood stream through
the VILLI in the small intestines and are
delivered to all parts of the body through
BLOOD.
Draw a diagram here!
Function of Digestive System
To break down food small
enough for cells to use.
Digestive System