Transcript 2301-B3.3 Controlling conditions lesson templatesx

What do you know and where are
we going?
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions – Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca Barlett (Cheney School)
Controlling internal conditions
Homeostasis?
The maintenance of constant internal
environment.
What is maintained?
Waste removal – carbon dioxide and urea
Water and ion content
Body temperature
Blood glucose levels
How is it kept constant?
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Carbon dioxide
Respiring cells produce CO2.
It is vital that this gets removed because CO2
makes solutions acidic, this effects the
working enzymes in the cells.
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Urea and urine?
Urea is made in the liver.
Urine is produced by the kidneys.
Urine contains urea.
Why is urea produced?
Urea is the major organic component of human
urine. This is because it is at the end of chain
of reactions which break down the amino acids
that make up proteins. These amino acids are
metabolised and converted in the liver to
ammonia, CO2, water and energy. But the
ammonia is toxic to cells, and so must be
excreted from the body. The liver converts the
ammonia to a non-toxic compound, urea, which
can then be safely transported in the blood to
the kidneys, where it is eliminated in urine.
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Kidneys – Where and how big?
Polycystic kidneys
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
The human kidney
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
The human kidney
The kidneys' function are to filter the blood.
All the blood in our bodies passes through the
kidneys several times a day. The kidneys
remove wastes, control the body's fluid
balance, and regulate the balance of
electrolytes. As the kidneys filter blood, they
create urine, which collects in the kidneys'
pelvis -- funnel-shaped structures that drain
down tubes called ureters to the bladder.
Each kidney contains around a million units
called nephrons, each of which is a microscopic
filter for blood.
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
A healthy kidney produces urine by;
• First filtering the blood
• Reabsorbing all the sugar
• Reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed by the
body
• Reabsorbing as much water as the body needs
• Releasing urea, excess ions and water as urine
Urine – copious and clear, why?
Urobilins; yellow pigments that come from the
breakdown of haemoglobin in your liver.
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Dialysis
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Living without kidneys
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Kidney transplants
A kidney transplant is the transfer of a healthy
kidney from one person (the donor) into the body of a
person who has little or no kidney activity (the
recipient).
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Controlling body temperature
37oC core body, why?
Factors that can alter your body
temperature;
•Energy produced in your muscles during
exercise
•Fevers caused by disease
•External temperature increase or decrease
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Controlling body temperature
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Controlling blood glucose
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Blood Sugar
Keywords
Glucose
A sugar used in respiration to make energy
Glycogen A storage substance made of glucose, it is
stored in the liver.
Insulin
Glucagon
A hormone (chemical messenger) it tells your
body to change glucose into glycogen. It is
made by the pancreas.
A hormone that tells your liver to change
glycogen back into glucose. Also made by the
pancreas.
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Controlling Blood Glucose Levels
Glucose rises (eat
food)
Insulin produced by the
_________ causes
_______to change to
________.
Normal blood
Normal blood
glucose level.
glucose level.
(80-120 mg/100cm3 blood)
(80-120 mg/100cm3 blood)
________ released and
_________ converted back
to glucose
Glucose falls
(exercise)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)
Diabetes
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/pages/diabe
tes.aspx
AQA B3.3 Controlling internal conditions –
Joe Ewen, Rebecca Timms and Rebecca
Barlett (Cheney School)