Transcript Intro to nutritionx

What is Nutrition?
 DEFINITION:
-the act or process of nourishing
OR
-providing our body with the needed ingredients to
sustain life AND prevent disease
Why is Nutrition Important?
 We need the correct ingredients and just the right
amount of those ingredients…
 or else…
 Our body becomes unbalanced……
 which renders the disease process
What diseases are caused or
worsened by an unbalanced
nutritional intake?
What are the Ingredients of Life?
Nutrients
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
We find all of these ingredients in our food and water!
Q: How do we get body fuel so we can
move, think, and stay alive?
A: Nutrients
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
Fueling Process
Nutrients
(carbs, fats, proteins)
Building Blocks
Calories
(glucose, fatty acids, amino acids)
(unit of energy)
 Calorie
 unit of energy
 Fuels everything you do
Energy
(sustained life)
Complex Carbs (Disaccharides & Polysaccharides)
-multiple simple carbs linked together
-ie: sucrose & lactulose,
-make up breads, pasta, rice, potatoes, corn, grains, seeds, nuts
-body has to break these down to the simple carbs before they
can be used
Simple Carbs (Monosaccharides) (Glucose)
-ie: glucose (dextrose), fructose, & galactose
-smallest building blocks of carbs
-make up candy, cakes, pies (table sugar)
Role of Carbohydrates
 Intestines converts carbs into glucose
 Glucose is taken goes into blood
 Glucose goes into cells to be used as fuel or stored as
glycogen in liver and muscles
 When there is low glucose in the blood or cells need
for fuel, the glycogen is converted back to glucose and
released for use
 If you take in more carbs than your body can use or
store as glycogen your body converts and stores it as
FAT!
Proteins
-made up of polypeptides
Polypeptides
-made up of different combinations
of amino acids
Amino Acids
-smallest building block of proteins
Role of Proteins:
 Protein supplies amino acids that build and maintain
healthy body tissue.
 There are 20 amino acids considered essential because
the body must have all of them in the right amounts to
function properly.
 Twelve of these are manufactured in the body but the
other eight amino acids must be provided by the diet.
Role of Proteins
 Body uses proteins to make enzymes, hormones, and
antibodies
 Excess protein is stored as FAT!
 A type of lipid- fatty substance that does not dissolve in
water
Saturated fat (fatty acids) is fats that are
 solid at room temperature
 Animal fats and tropical oils
 Associated with heart disease
 Unsaturated fats (fatty acids)- olive oil
 Liquids at room temp
 Associated with reduced risk of heart disease
Role of fats
 Source of stored energy
 Transport vitamins in the blood
 A, D, and K
 Linoleic acid- essential fatty acid- needed for growth
and healthy skin
 Help satisfy hunger- b/c they take longer to digest
How many calories do I get from
nutrients?
 Carbs : 4 calories per gram
 Protein: 4 calories per gram
 Fats: 9 calories per gram (over double!!!)
The balance
If we take in too many or not enough calories,
we make ourselves prone to the disease
process!!!
Every 3,500 calories NOT burned,
You will gain 1 pound!!!
Obesity
 Taking in more calories than we can use (in the forms of
carbs, protein & fat) means that we store those nutrients
we take in as FAT
 If we continue to take in more calories than we use daily,
then we never use the stored energy from the previous day,
we will we become OVERWEIGHT and then OBESE.
What two health factors
either cause or aid in causing
most diseases in our bodies?
Smoking & Obesity
What is Obesity?
Overweight:
Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 or higher.
Obesity:
Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
Body Mass Index (BMI):
A measure of an weight in relation to his or her height
BMI=weight in kilograms divided
by the square of his or her height
in meters.
My BMI is __________________
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1985
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1986
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1987
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4”
person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1988
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1989
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1990
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1991
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1992
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1993
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1994
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1995
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1996
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1997
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1998
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1999
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2000
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
≥20%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2001
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2002
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2003
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2004
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
≥25%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2005
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2006
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2007
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2009
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
So How Do I Prevent Obesity?
Daily Calories Needed
based on current weight, height, age, and activity level
Calories Taken in
So How Do I Prevent Obesity?
Know how many calories you need
based on current weight, height, age, and activity level
Know how many calories you eat.
Yes, this means reading the nutrition label and paying attention to serving size
and portion size!!!
Stay active (this burns addition calories we inadvertently
eat)
Adhere to the recommendations of the Food Pyramid for
each nutrient (carbs, fats, and protein)
So How Do I Reverse Obesity?
Daily Calories Needed
based on current weight, height, age, and activity level
(should be less than)
Calories Taken in
*Consult healthcare professional to determine your daily
caloric intake needed for healthy weight loss. Remember
too few calories are detrimental too!

McDonald’s Big Mac
34 grams of fat
590 calories
Same amount of fat as 3.5 Milky Way candy bars!!!
McDonald’s Large Fry
500 calories
25 grams of fat
Dairy Queen Sausage Biscuit Twin Pack
940 calories
64 g fat (16 g saturated)
Can of Coke = 10 Sugar Cubes
Bottle of Coke = 16 ½ Sugar Cubes
Liter of Coke = 27 ½ Sugar Cubes
Bottle of Mt. Dew = 19 ½ Sugar Cubes
Liter of Mt. Dew = 31 Sugar Cubes
Bottle of Mt. Dew = 19 ½ Sugar Cubes
Liter of Mt. Dew = 31 Sugar Cubes
Q&A
 Q: What are the energy rendering nutrients?
 A: Carbs, Fats, Proteins
 Q: How many calories per gram of fat?
 A: 9 calories per gram of fat
 Q: How many unburned calories will cause you to
gain 1 pound?
 A: 3,500 calories