Transcript ch_02_clicker_questions

PowerPoint® Clicker Questions
prepared by Heather
Williamson Jordan, Ph.D.,
University of Tennessee,
Knoxville
CHAPTER
2
The Chemistry
of Microbiology
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom, the smallest unit of matter, is
composed of all of the following EXCEPT
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
photons
electrons
neutrons
protons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An atom, the smallest unit of matter, is
composed of all of the following EXCEPT
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
photons
electrons
neutrons
protons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic number of an element is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the sum of its photons and electrons
the number of protons
the sum of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
the number of electrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic number of an element is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
the sum of its photons and electrons
the number of protons
the sum of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
the number of electrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic mass of an atom is ________.
a) the sum of the masses of its photons and electrons
b) the number of protons
c) the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and
electrons
d) the number of electrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic mass of an atom is ________.
a) the sum of the masses of its photons and electrons
b) the number of protons
c) the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons,
and electrons
d) the number of electrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The element carbon has 6 protons and 6
neutrons in its nucleus. Which of the following
represents the carbon-14 isotope?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6 protons, 8 neutrons
6 protons, 7 neutrons
7 protons, 6 neutrons
8 protons, 6 neutrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The element carbon has 6 protons and 6
neutrons in its nucleus. Which of the following
represents the carbon-14 isotope?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6 protons, 8 neutrons
6 protons, 7 neutrons
7 protons, 6 neutrons
8 protons, 6 neutrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do atoms interact with one another to form
chemical bonds?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They share or transfer entire electron shells.
They share or transfer valence electrons.
They share or transfer isotopes.
They share or transfer protons.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do atoms interact with one another to form
chemical bonds?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They share or transfer entire electron shells.
They share or transfer valence electrons.
They share or transfer isotopes.
They share or transfer protons.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Choose the answer that correctly lists the
choices in order of increasing complexity.
a)
b)
c)
d)
molecules > atoms > compounds
compounds > molecules > atoms
compounds > atoms > molecules
atoms > molecules > compounds
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Choose the answer that correctly lists the
choices in order of increasing complexity.
a)
b)
c)
d)
molecules > atoms > compounds
compounds > molecules > atoms
compounds > atoms > molecules
atoms > molecules > compounds
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When two atoms equally share one pair of
electrons, what kind of chemical bond is
formed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When two atoms equally share one pair of
electrons, what kind of chemical bond is
formed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When two atoms have different
electronegativities, electrons are shared
unequally to form what kind of chemical bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When two atoms have different
electronegativities, electrons are shared
unequally to form what kind of chemical bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The type of bond that forms between a
hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the
oxygen atom of a second water molecule is
what kind of bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The type of bond that forms between a
hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the
oxygen atom of a second water molecule is
what kind of bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The type of chemical bond that forms between a
cation and an anion is what kind of bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The type of chemical bond that forms between a
cation and an anion is what kind of bond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following illustrates a synthesis
reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6 H2O + 6 CO2  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2
2 H2O  2 H2 + O2
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following illustrates a synthesis
reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6 H2O + 6 CO2  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 H2O + 6 CO2
2 H2O  2 H2 + O2
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is another name for a decomposition
reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
anabolism
metabolism
diabolism
catabolism
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is another name for a decomposition
reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
anabolism
metabolism
diabolism
catabolism
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What type of reaction involves two small
molecules being joined by a covalent bond with
the release of a water molecule?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrolysis
dehydration
decomposition
liquidification
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What type of reaction involves two small
molecules being joined by a covalent bond with
the release of a water molecule?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrolysis
dehydration
decomposition
liquidification
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Some microorganisms can carry out
photosynthesis in order to make their own food;
however, these reactions require energy input
from the sun. What type of reaction is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hyperthermic
hypothermic
endothermic
exothermic
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Some microorganisms can carry out
photosynthesis in order to make their own food;
however, these reactions require energy input
from the sun. What type of reaction is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
hyperthermic
hypothermic
endothermic
exothermic
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following answers illustrates an
exchange reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A + B  AB
A + BC  AB + C
AB  A + B
A+BC
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following answers illustrates an
exchange reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A + B  AB
A + BC  AB + C
AB  A + B
A+BC
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a special property
of water?
a) Water converts from a liquid to a gas quickly and over
a narrow range of temperatures.
b) Water molecules tend to stick together, which can
result in surface tension.
c) Water can absorb significant amounts of heat energy
without changing temperature.
d) Water is an excellent solvent.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a special property
of water?
a) Water converts from a liquid to a gas quickly and
over a narrow range of temperatures.
b) Water molecules tend to stick together, which can
result in surface tension.
c) Water can absorb significant amounts of heat energy
without changing temperature.
d) Water is an excellent solvent.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do antacid tablets work to relieve
indigestion and/or a sour stomach?
a) They decrease the pH of the stomach to lessen the
acidity.
b) They increase the pH of the stomach to lessen the
acidity.
c) They increase the acidity to help break down food
matter in the stomach.
d) They maintain the current pH of the stomach.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do antacid tablets work to relieve
indigestion and/or a sour stomach?
a) They decrease the pH of the stomach to lessen the
acidity.
b) They increase the pH of the stomach to lessen the
acidity.
c) They increase the acidity to help break down food
matter in the stomach.
d) They maintain the current pH of the stomach.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do you call substances that can be added
to a microbial culture to prevent drastic changes
in pH?
a)
b)
c)
d)
supplements
antacids
bases
buffers
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do you call substances that can be added
to a microbial culture to prevent drastic changes
in pH?
a)
b)
c)
d)
supplements
antacids
bases
buffers
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the difference between acids and
bases?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Acids donate H+; bases accept H+.
Acids accept H+; bases donate H+.
Acids donate OH–; bases accept OH–.
Acids accept OH–; bases donate OH–.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the difference between acids and
bases?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Acids donate H+; bases accept H+.
Acids accept H+; bases donate H+.
Acids donate OH–; bases accept OH–.
Acids accept OH–; bases donate OH–.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amount of H+ in milk of magnesia, which
has a pH of 10, is ________ times lower than
that of seawater, which has a pH of 8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
10
100
2
20
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amount of H+ in milk of magnesia, which
has a pH of 10, is ________ times lower than
that of seawater, which has a pH of 8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
10
100
2
20
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following types of macromolecules
is NOT a polymer?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nucleic acids
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following types of macromolecules
is NOT a polymer?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nucleic acids
lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What type of macromolecules are
polysaccharides?
a)
b)
c)
d)
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
hexoses
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What type of macromolecules are
polysaccharides?
a)
b)
c)
d)
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
hexoses
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain is referred to as the ________ of a
protein.
a)
b)
c)
d)
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain is referred to as the ________ of a
protein.
a)
b)
c)
d)
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about nucleic
acids is NOT correct for cellular organisms?
a) DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded.
b) DNA contains carbohydrates; RNA contains amino
acids.
c) DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.
d) DNA functions as the genetic material; RNA functions
in protein synthesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about nucleic
acids is NOT correct for cellular organisms?
a) DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded.
b) DNA contains carbohydrates; RNA contains
amino acids.
c) DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.
d) DNA functions as the genetic material; RNA functions
in protein synthesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the most important short-term energy
storage molecule?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
adenosine triphosphate
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the most important short-term energy
storage molecule?
a)
b)
c)
d)
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
adenosine triphosphate
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
DNA and RNA are composed of a sugar, a
phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. What is the
nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?
a)
b)
c)
d)
uramine
thymine
adenine
uracil
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
DNA and RNA are composed of a sugar, a
phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. What is the
nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?
a)
b)
c)
d)
uramine
thymine
adenine
uracil
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.