Transcript Renaissance and Reformation

RENAISSANCE AND
REFORMATION
Chapter 12
RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
1350 to 1600
This was a time period of great
achievement and discovery.
 Exploration
 Printing
press
 Religious reform
 Literacy
RENAISSANCE
Rebirth – meaning of renaissance
Rebirth of the old Roman and Greek
worlds.
This is a time period which began in
Italy and soon spread throughout
Europe
RENAISSANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
1.
Renaissance was largely an urban
society.
City-states became the center of politics,
economics, and social life.
As wealth accumulated in these urban
societies, it became apparent that
enjoyment of materialistic things were
the focal point
RENAISSANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
2.
It was an age of recovery from:
 The plague
 Political instability
 Decline in church power


Many reverted back to ancient
thinking and philosophies
This revival affected both politics
and art
RENAISSANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
3.


New view of human beings emerged as
people recognized individual abilities
Leonardo da Vinci- was a painter,
sculptor, inventor, and mathematician
Well-rounded individual was very
capable of achievements in many areas
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
This is the name given to the religious
movement that divided the western
church into Catholic and Protestant
groups.
The reform started with:
1. Changes to individual thought
2. Christian humanism
3. Eramus
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Christian Humanists believed in the
ability of the human being to reason
and improve themselves
Eramus, “philosophy of Christ”.
Meaning that Christianity should
show people how to live good lives on
a daily basis.
He stressed inwardness of religion
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Eramus did not want to split the
Catholic church but to reform the
ideology.
His idea of religion did pave the way
for future reformation
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Corruption in the church began the
reformation.
The congregation felt as though the
Pope failed to meet the obligation of
a spiritual leader.
The leaders of the Papal States had
become more involved in political
battles than spiritual matters
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
An example of this was:
Pope Julius II led an army against
enemies and that disgusted many
Christian followers.
Many of the church leaders were more
concerned with money and the use of
the church offices to advance their
careers and wealth.
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Ordinary people desired for
meaningful religious expression and
assurance of their salvation.
Many to obtain salvation, the church
collected relics.
Indulgence release for all or part of
the punishment for sin. The church
sold indulgence for reducing time in
purgatory
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Martin Luther
He was a monk that studied the Bible at the
University of Wittenberg in Germany.
His belief was that people could be saved through
both their faith and good works’.
He also believed that “being made right before
God” would earn that person salvation
This teaching would later lead to the Protestant
Reformation
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Luther did not like the idea of selling indulgence
He became so upset by this practice that he sent
a list to the church.
95 Theses was nailed on the church door.
It targeted the selling of indulgences
The archbishop of the church down played the
list as a “drunken German who will amend his
ways when he sobers up”
BREAK WITH THE CHURCH
By 1520, Luther called for the German
princes to overthrow the papacy in
Germany.
He also attacked the sacraments of
the Catholic church
Two sacraments were kept:
1. Communion
2. Baptism
BREAK WITH THE CHURCH
He also called for the clergy to marry.
All of these changes were unacceptable and
Luther was removed from the church.
Luther was sentenced to death and all his
literature was to be destroyed.
Fredrick was unwilling to see him put to
death and sent him into hiding and
protected him when he returned to
Wittenburg in 1522
RISE OF LUTHERANISM
Over the next few years, Luther
gained support for the revolution.
Luther set up religious services to
replace Catholic mass.
Luther became Lutheranism and later
became the first Protestant faith
THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM & THE
CATHOLIC RESPONSE
John Calvin lead the charge after his
conversion to Protestantism.
His doctrines were very similar to that
of Luther.
However, he placed an important
emphasis on Predesination.
CALVINISM
Predestination meant that God had
predetermined who would be saved
and who would not.
This meant that all people who
believed were doing God’s work on
earth.
CALVINISM
Calvin set a Church- Government in a
town called Geneva.
The Consistory was a body of people to
enforce the moral discipline
 Right
to punish those not believing
 Punishments for dancing, obscene
language, and drunkenness
CALVINISM
By Calvin set up this city, made
Geneva a powerful center for
Protestantism.
This belief soon replaced Lutheranism
as the most important and dynamic
form of Protestantism.
THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND
In England, it was much different.
King Henry VIII was married to
Catherine and they had a daughter,
Mary.
He wanted a son to take over the
throne.
THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND
King Henry wanted a divorce. But the
Catholic religion would not allow that.
Henry, using his power, went to the head
of the church and convinced him to
grant an annulment. He married Anne
Boleyn and she was crowned queen.
They had a girl, Elizabeth