Transcript 46-3 Macromolecules Poster DEBRIEF FOR QUIZ PPT_2

MACROMOLECULES
POSTER
PROJECT
DEBRIEF
Categories of Macromolecules
•CARBOHYDRATES (sugars): source of energy for
cells and for energy storage; structure (cellulose)
• LIPIDS (fats): storage of energy (body fat);
component of cell membranes
• PROTEINS: perform multiple cellular functions
(structure, messengers, enzymes)
• NUCLEIC ACIDS: genetic information; carries
instructions for all cells processes.
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Structure
complex carbohydrate
(starch)
glucose
(simple sugar)
energy source
for all cells
How
plants
store
their
energy
Carbohydrates (con’t)
 Used
by cells as main source of
ENERGY.
 Chemical energy is stored in
chemical bonds of carbs
 Structural:
 cell wall of plant cells
(cellulose)
Lipids
(fats)
Lipids (cont.)
 Main
source of stored,
emergency energy
 Fats
also make cell
membranes
Phospholipids
cross section of a cell membrane
“phospholipid bilayer”
Structure
(fatty acids)
Double
bond
Lipid Structure:
types of fatty acids
Saturated =
NO double bonds
Unsaturated =
ONE double bond
Polyunsaturated =
MANY double bonds
Proteins




Present in the cells in large
amounts;
DNA stores the info to make all
proteins an organism requires
for life
protein is made from amino
acids
Shape and function determined
by the order of amino acids
 20 a.a.’s are needed in the
human body
 humans cannot produce 9 and
must come from a good diet
Proteins cont.
Proteins Cont.
Functions:
 Messengers and receivers of messages
(receptors) between cells
 Help defend against disease
 Enzymes
 Specialized molecules that assist reactions
occurring in cells
Sources:
 Meats
 Rich in proteins (amino acids)

Vegetables
 Low or are missing essential amino acids
one amino acid: lyseine is hard to get in a vegan diet –
proper planning is needed – but everyone should have
a varied diet to get all amino acids needed
Nucleic Acids
(made of
nucleotides)
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
The four nucleic acids combine in pairs
to create a code for cells to use for
reproduction (including specialization)
and every day functions.
In RNA, thymine is
replaced by “uracil”.
end show