Transcript 25 THINGS THAT SUPPORT LIFE.

Exploring Cells
By the Class of 2013
25 THINGS THAT SUPPORT LIFE.
CREATED BY JAILYN LOVATO AND
GEORGE WILSON.
25 ELEMENTS
• About 25 elements are essential to life. Four
of these elements are oxygen, carbon,
hydrogen, and nitrogen these make up about
96 percent of living matter in your body.
The 25 elements.
• Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and a
little more elements account for the other
four percent of your body.
What are the percentages.
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Nitrogen 3.3 percent
Hydrogen 9.5 percent
Carbon 18.5 percent
Oxygen 65 percent
Trace elements less than 0.01 percent
What are the percentages.
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Nitrogen 3.3 percent
Hydrogen 9.5 percent
Carbon 18.5 percent
Oxygen 65 percent
Trace elements less than 0.01 percent
HOW THEY SUSTAIN LIFE.
• These elements make up your body and every
thing that you are is made up from these
elements. These elements make your body and
help it when its sick or has wounds these
elements help fix all of these body but we need
these elements to live because without them our
body's wouldn’t be able to support us or live for
that matter. If one of these elements weren't in
our body even the one percent we would die and
or have a deformity for the rest of our lives that is
why we need these to live.
Chemical Properties are
Based on the Structure of
Atoms
by: Cherise Martinez
and Janice Chacon
Atoms
• Each element consists of a single kind of atom
that is different from the atoms of all other
elements.
• Atoms of all elements are made up of even
smaller components called subatomic
particles.
Subatomic Particles
• A proton is a subatomic particle with a single
unit of positive electrical charge.
• An electron is a subatomic particle with a
single unit of negative electrical charge.
• A neutron is a subatomic particle that is
neutral, meaning it has no electrical charge.
Atomic Number
• All atoms of a particular element have the
same number of protons, known as the
elements atomic number.
• The number of protons determines the atoms
properties.
• Certain atoms can lose one or more electrons,
while some atoms can gain one or two
electrons.
Isotopes
• Isotopes of an element have the same number
of protons in their atoms but different
numbers of neutrons.
• A radioactive isotope is an isotope in which
the nucleus breaks down over time, giving off
radiation in the form of matter and energy.
Electrons and Reactivity
• Electrons differ in the amount of energy they
have and how tightly they are held by the
protons in the nucleus.
• Usually it is the electrons in the highest energy
level of an atom that determines how that
atom reacts.
Chemical Bonds Join Atoms One
to Another
By Deandre Velasquez & Natasha
Salazar
Chemical Bonds
• When there is an attraction between two or
more atoms they form chemical compounds.
4 types of Chemical Bonds
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Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Hydrogen
Covalent Bond
• A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding
that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of
electrons between atoms, and other covalent
bonds.
Ionic Bond
• A Ionic Bond is a type of chemical bond
formed by the attraction between two
oppositely charged ions.
Metallic Bonds
• A metallic bond is the electromagnetic
interaction between delocalized electrons
called conduction electrons and gathered in
an “electron sea” and the metallic nuclei
within metals.
Hydrogen Bond
• A hydrogen bond is the attractive force
between the hydrogen attached to an
electronegative atom of one molecule and an
electronegative atom of a different molecule.
Life Depends on the Unique
Properties of Water
By; Rose Valdez and Alondra Villalba
Cohesion and Adhesion
Both cohesion and adhesion are
important in the living world. One
of the most important effects of
these forces is keeping large
molecules organized and arranged
in a way that enables them to
function properly in cells.
Water Content of the Human
Body
In a newborn infant, this may be
as high as 75% of the body weight,
but it progressively decreases from
birth to old age, most of the
decrease occurring during the first
10 years of life.
Water Percentage by Weight
Lean muscle tissue
Blood
Body fat
Bone
76%
83%
10%
22%
Skin also contains much water. The human body
is about 60% water in adult males and 55% in
adult females.
Body Water
Earth’s Water
Water covers 71% of the Earth's
surface; the oceans contain 97.2% of
the Earth's water. The Antarctic
ice sheet, which contains 61% of all
fresh water on Earth, is visible at
the bottom. Condensed atmospheric
water can be seen as clouds,
contributing to the Earth's albedo.
The Water Cycle
Carbohydrates & Lipids
By: Shawn & Justin
Simple carbohydrates
• Various forms of sugar, such as glucose
and sucrose, are simple carbohydrates.
They are small molecules, so they can be
broken down and absorbed by the body
quickly and are the quickest source of
energy
Complex carbohydrates
• these carbohydrates are composed of long
strings of simple carbohydrates. Because
complex carbohydrates are larger
molecules than simple carbohydrates, they
must be broken down into simple
carbohydrates before they can be
absorbed. So they tend to provide energy
to the body more slowly than simple
carbohydrates but still more quickly than
protein or fat.
Glycemic index
• The glycemic index indicates only how
quickly carbohydrates in a food are
absorbed into the bloodstream. It does not
include how much carbohydrate a food
contains, which is also important.
Lipids
• lipids are complex molecules composed of
fatty acids and glycerol. The body needs
fats for growth and energy. It also uses
them to synthesize hormones and other
substances needed for the body's
activities.
Fatty Acids
• When the body needs fatty acids, it can
make certain ones. Others, called
essential fatty acids, cannot be
synthesized and must be consumed in the
die
Proteins and Enzymes
By: Amanda, Kristian and Noely
What are Proteins?
Proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical
reactions and are vital to metabolism.
Proteins
• Proteins are organic compounds made of
amino acids arranged in a linear chain and
folded into a globular form. They contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
usually sulfur.
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical
reactions.
Enzymes
Enzymes work by lowering activation energy for
a reaction, which increases the rate of the
reaction.
Proteins and Enzymes
• Proteins and Enzymes are the molecules of
life. They are essential parts of organisms and
participate in virtually every process within
cells