Transcript Hunger in the world

WORLD HUNGER
o World hunger is the want or scarcity of food in
a country.
o People of the world that are hungry are both
malnourished and undernourished.
PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM)
o Most prominent type of malnutrition
o Food is converted into energy by humans and the energy
contained in food is measured by calories
o Protein is necessary for key body functions including
essential amino acids and development and maintenance
of muscles.
o Most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger and is referred to
when world hunger is discussed.
THERE ARE 7 BILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD
o 870 million (1 in 8) suffered from chronic
undernourishment in 2010-2012
o 852 million (almost all hungry people) live in
developing countries
o 16 million people are undernourished in developed
countries
AREAS THAT HAVE DECREASED THE NUMBER
OF UNDERNOURISHED PEOPLE
o Asia and the Pacific
o Latin America
o Caribbean
AREAS THAT HAVE INCREASED THE NUMBER OF
UNDERNOURISHED PEOPLE
o Africa – the number grew from 175 million to
239 million
o Nearly 1 in 4 are hungry
CHILDREN AND HUNGER
o Children who are poorly nourished suffer up to 160
days of illness a year
o Poor nutrition plays a role in half of the 10.9 million
child deaths each year (5 million deaths)
o Under-nutrition magnifies the effect of every disease
including measles and malaria.
CHILDREN, DISEASE, AND MALNUTRITION
o Malnutrition affects 32.5% of children in developing
countries.
o Malnutrition can be caused by diseases.
o The diseases that cause diarrhea reduce the body’s
ability to convert food into usable nutrients.
o 70% of malnourished children live in Asia
o 26% live in Africa
o 4% live in Latin America and the Caribbean
MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION
o Micronutrients refer to vitamins and minerals that are
important for health.
o 1 out of 3 people in developing countries are affected
by vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
o Three most important vitamins/minerals when it
comes to health
oVitamin A
oIron
oIodine
MICRONUTRIENT: VITAMIN A
o Vitamin deficiency can cause
oNight blindness
oReduces body’s resistance to disease
o In children, it can cause problems with growth.
o Between 100 – 140 million children are vitamin A
deficient.
o Between 250,000 – 500,000 vitamin A deficient
children become blind every year. – half die within 12
months of losing their sight.
MICRONUTRIENT: IRON
o Iron deficiency is a principal cause of anemia
o 2 billion people are anemic due to iron deficiency and in
developing countries malaria and worm infections are the
leading causes of iron drainage from one’s system.
o Health consequences for children
oPremature birth, low birth weight, infections, elevated risk
of death, physical and cognitive impairments
o Health consequences for pregnant women
oMaternal deaths (death while pregnant)
MICRONUTRIENT: IODINE
o Iodine deficiency disorders jeopardize children’s mental
health.
o Serious iodine deficiency during pregnancy may result in
stillbirths and congenital abnormalities such as cognitive
impairments. (Africa and Asia)
o Iodine deficiency disorders affect over 740 million people
or 13% of the world’s population.
MALNUTRITION AND PREGNANCY
o Under-nutrition among pregnant women in developing
countries leads to 1 out of 6 infants born with low
birth weight
o This is a risk factor in neonatal death (baby dies within first 28
days of life).
o Under-nutrition and low birth weight can cause
oLearning difficulties
oCognitive impairments
oPoor heath
oPremature death
CAUSES OF HUNGER
o Poverty
o Harmful economic/gov’t systems
o Hunger
o Conflict
o Climate change
CAUSES OF HUNGER: POVERTY
o Causes of poverty
oLack of resources
oExtremely unequal income distribution in the world
o People in developing countries live on $1.25 a day
POVERTY
PROGRESS IN POVERTY
BACKTRACKING
o Sub-Saharan Africa
o Asia
o East Asia
o China
CAUSES OF HUNGER: HARMFUL ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS
o Harmful economic and political systems are the
underlying principle of hunger.
o These systems have control over resources and
income based on military, political and economic
power.
o Power is in the hands of the minority who live well.
CAUSES OF HUNGER: CONFLICT
o Violence causes people to become refugees.
o There are approximately 26 million refugees
worldwide.
CAUSES OF HUNGER: HUNGER
o Poor health, low levels of energy, and
mental impairment can lead to even
greater poverty by reducing people’s
ability to work and learn, thus leading to
even greater hunger.
CAUSES OF HUNGER: CLIMATE CHANGE
o A shift in crops and farming practices are caused by
oIncreasing drought
oFlooding
oChange of climate patterns
STATISTICS
o The number of undernourished people in developing
countries was 824 million in 1990-1992 and it rose to
870 million in 2010-2012.
o In 1990-1992 the number of undernourished people
worldwide was 1 billion. That number decreased to
870 million between 2010-2012.
FOOD SUPPLY
o There is enough food produced in the world to
supply everyone in it with at least 2, 720
calories per person per day.
o Problem: Many people don’t have sufficient
land to grow, or income to purchase enough
food.
REFERENCES
2013 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics
http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm
#Number_of_hungry_people_in_the_world