Transcript organic compounds are important to living things?

Unit 3: Organizations
and Patterns of Life
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
Aim: How do living organisms depend
on certain organic compounds?
KEY CONCEPTS:
Students will learn:
• organic compounds are important to living things?
• the functions of each group of organic compounds?
http://www.uri.edu/pharmacy/faculty/cho/research.html
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/biochemistry_notes_bi_ch3.htm
Phospholipid by RIEDELL
Reading Comprehension
Answer the following questions after
you have read the above passages.
Do not forget to cite textual evidence: paragraph #, sentence #
1. How does an organic compound differ from an inorganic compound
2. Almost all compounds that contain carbon, with the exception of
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ionic carbonates, are
__________________________________
3. The study of carbon-containing compounds is known
as____________________________________
4. ______________________________ are compounds that do not
contain carbon.
What are organic compounds
(energy rich)?
• Answer
– Organic molecules contain the elements
carbon and hydrogen
What are 4 major organic compounds
(energy rich) found in all living things?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fatty
Acids
Nucleic
Acids
# 1. CARBOHYDRATES/(Sugar)
contain Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
Molecules made up of only
one
sugar
___________ molecule are
monosaccharides
called ________________
Example:
GLUCOSE C6H12O6
Image from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
Monosaccharide
All sugar (carbohydrates
end in –ose)
C6H12O6
C5H10O5
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg
http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
C5H10O5
Check for Understanding!
•
•
•
•
•
How many types of organic compounds
are important to living things?
What is a monosaccharide?
Give 1 example of a monosaccharide.
How can you tell if it’s a sugar
molecule?(hint: check the ending)
Is lactose a sugar? Explain.
Monosaccharides can be joined
together using
dehydration synthesis to make
____________________
________________/
POLYSACCHARIDES (MANY SUGAR)
Image from: Modern Biology; Pearson Prentice Hall © 2005
Examples of IMPORTANT
POLYSACCHARIDES(many sugar)
___________
STARCH
CELLULOSE
___________
GLYCOGEN
___________
Image from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
What do living things use
CARBOHYDRATES for?
Image from: http://www.sdada.org/Pyramid-Vegetarian-01.jpg
CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
burn glucose
Cells _______________
energy
for their ________
needs
Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
CARBOHYDRATES are used by
Living things to SUPPLY ENERGY
ANIMAL
_______ cells
store glucose
_____________
glycogen
as __________.
Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif
CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
PLANT
________
cells
store glucose
____________
STARCH
as _________
Images from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/bb450/stryer/ch21/Slide24.jpg
CARBOHYDRATES are also used
By living things as STRUCTURAL
PLANTS
_____ also use
glucose to make
CELLULOSE
___________
Cellulose makes
STURDY
plants _______
Images from:
http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif
http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/ApiumGraveolens9.jpg
CARBOHYDRATES also HELP
with CELL IDENTIFICATION
GLYCOPROTEINS
_____________
(proteins with
_____
sugars attached)
on the surface of
cells help cells
_____________
recognize “self”
More about this in Chapters 7 and 11
Image from:
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Check for Understanding!!!
1. Many living things use carbohydrates for
A. __________________
B. __________________
C. __________________
Important MACROMOLECULES
important to living things
# 2: Proteins
Which food sources
are rich in proteins?
PROTEINS contain:
Carbon
________,
Hydrogen
_________,
Oxygen
_______,
and
_________
and
Nitrogen
are built from
20 AMINO ACID
__________
subunits
Image by: Riedell
20 different
There are _____________
AMINO
ACIDS used by cells
____________
to ________________
make proteins
WHAT DO
living
things use
PROTEINS
for?
Image from: http://www.drpbody.com/images/meatpoultryfish.gif
Living things use proteins to
help cells recognize other cells!
help cells
recognize
“self”
____________
Image from:
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm
PROTEINS ACT AS ENZYMES
ENZYMES
__________
______
help chemical
_____________
reactions happen
faster
Images from: http://www.imac.auckland.ac.nz/vaccines/vacc_graph.htm
PROTEINS ____________
FIGHT GERMS
_____________
ANTIBODIES
are made of
proteins
ANTIBODIES ATTACK & KILL THEM
PROTEINS help with
MOVEMENT
__________________
Images from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Arm_flex_supinate.jpg
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html
MUSCLES
Body _________,
are made of
PROTEINS
HORMONES
PROTEINS act as ___________
Eating food puts
GLUCOSE in your
bloodstream
INSULIN
________________
is a protein hormone
that ________________________
controls blood sugar
Image from: http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif
Check for Understanding!!
1. Which food sources are rich in proteins?
2. How many different amino acids link
together to make proteins?
3. Identify 5 major ways living things use
proteins for.
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
# 3: Lipids(fat)
Which food
sources are rich
in fat?
Lipids are made mainly from
__________
and ___________
Carbon
Hydrogen
few oxygen atoms)
(very ___________
Images:
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_essentials_2/cipl/03/HTML/source/03-16-steroids-nl.htm
WHAT DO
Living
Things use
LIPIDS/fat
For?
Image from: http://www.umassmed.edu/diabeteshandbook/chap06.htm
LIPIDS/fat
can be used to
store energy
_________
________
long term
Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg
LIPIDS are good
insulator
Help
maintain
__________
body
heat
___________
(helps with
___________)
homeostasis
http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/imagedata/0,1658,5116542,00.jpg
LIPIDS can be _____________
HORMONES
STEROIDS
___________
like
TESTOSTERONE
_____________,
___________,
and
ESTROGEN
PROGESTERONE
_____________are
steroid hormones
involved in _____________
reproduction
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_essentials_2/cipl/03/HTML/source/03-16-steroids-nl.htm
Check for Understanding!
1. Identify 3 food sources that are rich in
lipid/fat?
2. How do living things depend on
lipid/fat?
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
# 4: Nucleic Acids
Almost all
food sources
contain nucleic
acids.
Living Things use nucleic acids
to make nucleotide
Image by: Riedell
Thousands of NUCLEOTIDES
are linked to make DNA
Sugars: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/fig5x27b.jpg
Arrow: http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay/1/2/11/next
Image from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif
DNA
_______
Stores
_________
genetic
__________
information
in cells
Check for Understanding?
• Briefly describe the primary usage of
nucleic acids by all living things?
Check for Understanding!!!
• Go to www.castlelearning.com
• Log in and complete assignment # 32
Macromolecules