Antioxidant Synergy in foods
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Transcript Antioxidant Synergy in foods
Dietary Antioxidant Synergy in foods
Nooshin Moradi
Food Chemistry 605
Antioxidant Activity
Principle of antioxidant activity: based on the availability of
electrons to neutralize free radicals.
Decrease the oxidative damage directly or indirectly
In food application: lipid oxidation and prolong shelf life.
Antioxidant Synergy
Mixture of two or more antioxidant including:
Purified compounds
Crude extracts
Cooperative action: greater AOX effect than the sum of
individuals
Regeneration Hypothesis
AOX Capacity in vitro
Expressed by the terms such as ability, activity, capacity,
efficacy, parameter, potential, power, and reactivity.
“Antioxidant Capacity” often means different things at
different occasions and to different people:
Capacity of antioxidant compound for scavenging free
radicals
Capacity of “antioxidation”
Methods for determination of AOX
capacity (AOC)
2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·)
2, 2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
(ABTS·)
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)
Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)
Simplicity, instrumentation required, biological relevance,
mechanisms, endpoint, quantitation method, and potential
for both lipophilic and hydrophilic
AOX synergy in chemical and food
models
Lipid peroxidation was effectively inhibited by the
combination of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol
Flavonols quercetin and quercetin-3-glucoside trigger a
noticeable increase in antioxidant activity when mixed in
solution with another flavonoid
Antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds against
Staphylococcus aureus (binary combination of BHA and
gallic acid)
AOX synergy in tissue culture and
clinical models
Type of cells and type of antioxidant: different synergistic
effect in Human liver HepG2 cells, HT29 cancerous cells,
and rat H9c2 cells using raspberry and plant extract
Rat and human study display some synergistic effect.
However, no optimal model has been yet established to
predict the AOX synergy of in vivo.
Synergistic or Antagonistic?
Flavonoid interactions trigger antagonistic and synergistic effects
Strong antagonistic reaction when quercetin-3-glucoside was
paired with five different anthocyanins (resulted in a considerable
loss of antioxidant activity)
Antagonistic interaction when myricetin was paired with quercetin,
in a ratio 1:1. (The activity significantly lower than the sum of the
individual values)
Antagonistic effect: BHA
Staphylococcus aureus
and carvacrol
or thymol
against
Some antioxidants in combination act in a regenerating manner,
with either the stronger regenerating the weaker (antagonistic
effect) or the weaker regenerating the stronger (synergistic effect)
AOX potency of a compound
Structural features:
Ortho-dihydroxy structure in the B-ring
3- and 5-OH
Nature of the radical and its specific reaction mechanism
Factors affecting prediction of AOX
synergy in chemical models
Analytical methods (consistency and standardization)
Experimental condition (Concentration and volume ratio
of the individual AOX, AOX composition, solvent, test
medium, and solubility)
Great variability in chemical tests and hardly relevant to
biological systems
Factors affecting AOX capacity in
vivo
Bioavailability
Biotransformation: Enzymatic conjugation
Food matrices: bioavailability of anthocyanins varies
markedly depending on food matrices
Partial pressures of oxygen: good radical-trapping
antioxidant behavior of beta-carotene (found in most
tissues under physiological conditions)
AOX synergy in chemical, biological,
and food systems
Controversial and confusing on the nature and properties
of AOX mixtures because of their complexity found in
vivo and their different distribution patterns in human
tissues and cells.
No simple relationship has been recognized to transfer
chemical models and food systems to in vivo situation
Capacity and efficacy of AOX in vivo
Capacity and efficacy of antioxidants in vivo :
Assessing the effect of antioxidant compounds and
materials on the level of oxidation in biological fluids and
tissues
Reliable biomarkers: oxidation products of lipids, DNA,
strand breaks of DNA
References
Cuvelier, Marie-Elisabeth, Vincent Bondet, and Claudette Berset. "Behavior of
phenolic
antioxidants
in
a
partitioned
medium:
structure—Activity
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Fernández-Álvarez, Laura, et al. "Binary combinations of BHA and other natural and
synthetic phenolics: Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and
antioxidant capacity." Food Control 42 (2014): 303-309.
Hidalgo, Maria, Concepción Sánchez-Moreno, and Sonia de Pascual-Teresa.
"Flavonoid–flavonoid interaction and its effect on their antioxidant activity."Food
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Niki, Etsuo. "Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo." Free Radical
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Wang, Sunan, and Fan Zhu. "Dietary Antioxidant Synergy in Chemical and Biological
Systems." Critical reviews in food science and nutrition just-accepted (2015): 00-00.
Wang, Sunan, et al. "Synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of food mixtures on
total antioxidant capacities." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 59.3 (2011):
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