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Use of Microorganisms as Substitute for Inorganic Fertiliser on Serrano Pepper
J Patishtán*, H Mata**, M Ramírez***
*Campo
Experimental Las Huastecas - Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Villa Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas.
[email protected], **Campo Experimental Las Huastecas - Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Villa Cuauhtémoc,
Tamaulipas. [email protected], ***Campo Experimental Las Huastecas - Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Villa
Cuauhtémoc, Tamaulipas. [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Serrano pepper production in south Tamaulipas is a great
opportunity to supply the national and foreign demand during autumn
- winter season. However, the growing cost of chemical fertilizers has
increased the production cost of this crop, moreover the soil from
south of Tamaulipas is clay with low organic matter content,
Phosphorus and Zinc availability problems due to high pH (near to
8), all these factors make the crop nutrition manage difficult (Mata et
al., 2010). The use of biofertilisers in crop production is an
economical alternative, (Vessey, 2003) defines biofertilisers as
substance that contains microorganisms, applied to seeds, plant
surface, or within plant root tissues, which promote growth due to the
increase of nutrient availability in the soil. Additionally, these
microorganisms release amino acids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids,
bioactive, sugars, as growth promoter (Higa, 2000). Dobereiner
(1997) reported several microorganisms that fix Nitrogen directly
from the environment and others help to solubilise Phosphorous in
the soil in crops such as corn, rice, wheat and sugar cane. Positive
effects on yield and quality have been found on pepper (García et al.,
2010), maize (Villalobos et al., 2010) and sorghum production
(Elizondo et al., 2010). The present research was established in
order to evaluate the effect of biofertilisers on Serrano pepper yields.
The figure 2, assessing two levels of inorganic fertilization, shows
that there are different yield responses to biofertiliser inoculations in
Serrano pepper (p≤ 0.05). Applying between 50 to 75 per cent of the
total dose inorganic fertilization, under fertigation management, is
possible to achieve up to 50 t ha-1, including the control treatment. In
each inorganic fertilization dose level, the greatest amount of pepper
production was achieved in treatments 2 and 4, obtaining close to 70
t ha-1.
METHODOLOGY
The experiment was developed during autumn to winter 2010 - 2011
season at Research Centre ‘‘Las Huastecas’’, INIFAP-Tamaulipas,
which its soil is basically clay with low organic matter content and
warm sub-humid climate with rainy summers. Serrano pepper was
evaluated its response to different microorganism inoculations,
applying 500 g ha-1 (Figure 1). During this evaluation, six treatments,
including the control, which consist of T1 Control, T2 Azospirillum, T3
Pseudomonas, T4 Mycorrhizae, T5 Mycorrhizae + Azospirillum and T6
Mycorrhizae + Pseudomonas, were assessed plus partial inorganic
fertilisation of 50 and 75 per cent. The inoculation of microorganisms
were during transplant and the yield collected data were analysed
with ANOVA procedure and Duncan (p≤ 0.05), using Statistical
Analysis System (SAS, 2007).
Figure 1. Inoculation process of dissolved microorganisms in water previous to
Serrano pepper transplant.
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Figure 2. Serrano pepper yields with 75 per cent (a) and 50 per cent (b) of
inorganic fertilisation plus inoculation of microorganisms previous the
transplant.
The biofertilisers in crop production, as reported by researches,
basically increase yield. Different effects of biofertiliser have been
documented in cereal crops and other vegetables such as onion,
radish, cabbage and lettuce, combined with partial NPK fertiliser
(Daly and Stewart, 1999; Lee, 1994; Naseem, 2000; Xu, 2000). Over
all, Azospirillum, Mycorrhizae, Pseudomonas benefit on Serrano
pepper growth, due to their low costs and can be applied as a
substitute of inorganic fertilisers.
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