Transcript Lesson_2.2_The_Renaissance-1

Lesson 2.2
Learning Targets
• To explain the importance of the Renaissance to
the modern times
• To identify famous persons and their
contributions to the Renaissance
UPDATING OUR TIMELINE
The Dark Ages
476 – 1200s
1300s
The Middle Ages
1400s
The Renaissance
Transition to Modern Times
1600s
Renaissance means rebirth at the time
when Europe was recovering from the
Dark ages and the plague.
It was a by-product/result of the
crusades which allowed Europe to change
ways of life, ways of thinking, values and
social norms
the human spirit had to be reawakened
• People became less interested in
thinking about God, heaven and saints
• More interested in thinking about
themselves, surroundings and everyday
lives
• Artists, writers, musicians and
composers began creating work outside
the realms of the church
During the middle ages
– Find God
During the Renaissance
– Find man
Where did it begin and why?
•Italy
City-states of Florence, Milan,
Venice, and Genoa
•Major Trading Centers which gave
wealth to many merchants
•Direct inheritors of the glorious
Roman civilization in the ancient
times
Major Italian Cities
All of these cities:
Had access to trade
routes connecting
Europe with Middle
Eastern markets
Milan
Venice
Genoa
Florence
…and so…
A new "world view" was created - the way
one looked at and answered basic questions:
What are humans?
What is the purpose of life?
Why am I here?
A New Conception of Human Beings
Individualism. People thought it right to be
themselves - the great man can shape his own
destiny
Humanism. Humans are the center of the
universe and the "measure of all things."
Well-Roundness. Humans could do well at many
things: "The Renaissance Man."
Humanism
• Pursuit of individualism
• Recognition that humans are creative
• Appreciation of art as a product of man
How did the Crusades contribute
to the Renaissance?
•
Increased demand for Middle Eastern
products allowing for more people to
participate in trade and commerce
•The rise of the middle class who could
afford to become a Patron of the Arts
Political Ideas of the Renaissance
Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince
Machiavelli believed:
“One can make this generalization about
men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars,
and deceivers, they shun danger and are
greedy for profit”
Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of
his day and produced guidelines for the
acquisition and maintenance of power by
absolute rule.
He felt that a ruler should be willing to
do anything to maintain control without
worrying about conscience.
• Better for a ruler to be feared than to be
loved. MIGHT MAKES RIGHT
• Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision
making
• Ruler keeps power by any means necessary
• The end justifies the means
• Be good when possible, and evil when
necessary
Medieval art and
literature focused on the
Church and salvation
Renaissance art and
literature focused on
individuals and worldly
matters, along with
Christianity.
They wanted their subjects to be realistic and
focused on humanity and emotion
Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became
popular because it gave depth to the paintings
Sculpture emphasized realism and the human
form
Architecture reached new heights of design
MEET THE
RENAISSANCE
ARTISTS
Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is
considered to be one of the most inspired men
who ever lived
David
Michelangelo
created his
masterpiece
David in
1504.
Interpretation:
• The key to the David's appeal is Michelangelo's
magnificent projection of man at his best vigorously healthy, beautiful, rational,
competent. It expresses a heroic view of man and
of a universe auspicious to his success. Such a
projection is of immeasurable worth to anyone
who holds such a sense of life - whether that
person lived 500 years ago or lives today.
Sistine Chapel
About a year after creating
David, Pope Julius II
summoned Michelangelo to
Rome to work on his most
famous project, the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel.
Creation of Eve
Separation of Light and Darkness
Creation of Adam
The Last Judgment
• Michelangelo used bright colors, easily
visible from the floor. On the lowest part of
the ceiling he painted the ancestors of
Christ. Above this he alternated male and
female prophets, with Jonah over the altar.
On the highest section Michelangelo
painted nine stories from the Book of
Genesis.
La Pieta 1499
Marble Sculpture
• In less than two years Michelangelo carved
from a single slab of marble, one of the
most magnificent sculptures ever created.
His interpretation of the Pieta was far
different than those previously created by
other artists. Michelangelo decided to create
a youthful, serene and celestial Virgin Mary
instead of a broken hearted and somewhat
older woman.
Moses
1452-1519
Painter, Sculptor,
Architect,
Engineer
Genius!
Mona Lisa
The most famous and iconic painting
in the world
• Thought to be Lisa Gherardini also known
as La Giaconda – wife of Francesco del
Giocondo who commissioned da Vinci to
make a portrait of his wife.
The Last Supper
• Found in Sta. Maria del Grazie, Milan Italy
(a Dominican Monastery)
• It portrays the different reaction given by
each apostle as Jesus said one of them
would betray him. All twelve apostles have
different reactions to the news.
Notebooks
Raphael
Painter
1483-1520
The School of Athens
Pythagoras
Plato and Aristotle
Socrates
Raphael (back)
Euclid
Zoroaster & Ptolemy
Jan Van Eyck
Portrait of
Giovanni Arnolfini
and his Wife
(1434)
Northern
Renaissance
Van Eyck
Portrait of
Giovanni
Arnolfini and
his Wife
(detail)
How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks
and Romans foster humanism in the Italian
Renaissance?
Humanism
• Celebrated the individual
• Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and
culture
• Was supported by wealthy patrons
Petrarch
Sonnets, humanist
scholarship
Francesco Petrarch
1304-1374
Assembled Greek and
Roman writings.
Wrote
Sonnets to Laura,
love poems in the
Vernacular
Literature flourished during the Renaissance
This can be greatly attributed to Johannes
Gutenberg
In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced
by using moveable type.
The Bible
Erasmus
Dutch humanist
Desiderius Erasmus
Pushed for a Vernacular form of the
Bible
“I disagree very much with those who
are unwilling that Holy Scripture,
translated into the vernacular, be
read by the uneducated . . . As if the
strength of the Christian religion
consisted in the ignorance of it”
The Praise of Folly
Used humor to show the immoral and
ignorant behavior of people, including
the clergy. He felt people would be
open minded and be kind to others.
Sir Thomas More
English Humanist
Wrote: Utopia
A book about a perfect society
Believed men and women live in
harmony. No private property,
no one is lazy, all people are
educated and the justice system
is used to end crime instead of
executing criminals.
Bibliography
Images from:
Corbis.com
Web Gallary of Art
www.wga.hu