Transcript PROTEINS

PROTEINS
SECTION 1-9 P.37-40
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PROTEINS
• MADE UP OF C, H, O, AND N
• ITS MONOMERS ARE CALLED AMINO
ACIDS (THERE ARE 20 OF THESE THAT
CAN LINK TOGETHER TO FORM
POLYMERS CALLED POLYPEPTIDES)
FUNCTIONS
1. STRUCTURE
• FOR MOVEMENTMUSCLES
• SUCH AS ACTIN AND MYOSIN
2. ANTIBODIES
• FOR DEFENSE AGAINST FOREIGN BODIES OR
INVADERS SUCH AS VIRUSES AND BACTERIATHE
IMMUNE SYSTEM
• PRODUCED BY CERTAIN WHITE BLOOD CELLS
FUNCTIONS
3.
ENZYMES
•
CHEMICALS THAT ASSIST WITH METABOLISM
•
MOST END IN –ASE
4.
OUTER COVERINGS
•
SKIN, NAILS, SCALES, HAIR, FEATHERS, HORNS, HOOVES
•
KERATIN(SKIN, HAIR, NAILS)
•
COLLAGEN(SKIN, LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, CARTILAGE, BONE)
5.
HORMONES
•
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
•
TESTOSTERONE, ESTROGEN
FUNCTIONS
6. RED BLOOD CELLS
• TO TRANSPORT OXYGEN
• HEMOGLOBIN
AMINO ACID GENERAL FORMULA
AND STRUCTURAL FORMULA
(USED FOR ALL 20 AMINO ACIDS)
R STANDS FOR VARIABLE GROUP
BUILDING A PROTEIN
DEVELOPMENT OF
A FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN
1. PRIMARY STRUCTURE
•
THE LINEAR SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS
(MONOMERS BONDED TOGETHER WITH PEPTIDE BONDSC TO N)
•
DETERMINES ITS SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURE
2. SECONDARY STRUCTURE
•
ALPHA HELIX (WHERE THE CHAIN TWISTS) AND BETA SHEET (WHERE THE CHAIN FOLDS)
•
THIS STAGE RESULTS FROM HYDROGEN BONDING
3.
TERTIARY STRUCTURE
•
GLOBULAR OR SPHERICAL 3D SHAPE
•
DETERMINES A PROTEIN’S FUNCTIONSUCH AS VARIOUS DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
4.
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
•
TWO OR MORE TERTIARY FORMS COMBINE
•
SUCH AS COLLAGEN AND HEMOGLOBIN
FOOD NUTRIENT
ANALYSIS BIOKIT
MISCELLANEOUS
•
GET GOGGLES, GLOVES AND AN APRON BEFORE
STARTING THE LAB
•
USE CRAYON MARKER ON TEST TUBES TO LABEL THEM
•
WIPE OFF MARKS WITH A PAPER TOWEL AT THE END OF
THE LAB
•
SHAKE ALL CHEMICALS WITH CAPS ON BEFORE
BEGINNING LAB
•
USE WATER BOTTLE ON LAB TABLE WITH SMALL PLASTIC
CUP FOR MEASURING PURPOSES (5 mL)
•
CLEAN UP ALL MATERIALS (INCLUDING TEST TUBES) AT
CONCLUSION OF LAB
•
WRITE DOWN COLOR CHANGES FOR EACH TEST TUBE
AND ANSWER QUESTIONS AFTER EACH LAB
FOOD NUTRIENT
ANALYSIS BIOKIT
SUGAR TEST
• SUGAR SOLUTION (2O DROPS) WITH BENEDICT’S
SOLUTION
• PUT 2 TEST TUBES IN HOT WATER BATH FOR 10 MIN.
AND RECORD COLOR CHANGE (USE TIMER #1)
STARCH TEST
• STARCH/POTATO STARCH SOLUTON (2O DROPS) WITH
IODINE
• USE GLASS DROPPER FOR IODINE
• WAIT 30 SECONDS AND RECORD COLOR CHANGE
FOOD NUTRIENT
ANALYSIS BIOKIT
LIPID TEST
• VEGETABLE OIL WITH SUDAN IV FAT STAIN
• USE PLASTIC DROPPER FOR VEGETABLE OIL
• WRAP EACH TEST TUBE WITH A PIECE OF PARAFILM,
SHAKE, WAIT 3 MINUTES AND RECORD COLOR CHANGE
(USE TIMER #2)
PROTEIN TEST
• ALBUMIN (EGG WHITE) (2O DROPS) WITH BIURET
REAGENT
• STIR EACH TEST TUBE WITH A SEPARATE WOOD
STIRRER AND RECORD COLOR CHANGE
FOOD NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
LAB RESULTS
1.
SUGAR TEST
TEST TUBE 1BLUE (NEGATIVE)
TEST TUBE 2ORANGE (POSITIVE)
INDICATORBENEDICT’S SOLUTION
QUESTION ANSWERS
A.
GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE
B.
COMMON FOODS SUCH AS BREAD, PASTA, SWEETS, FRUITS,
VEGETABLES ALSO MUSCLES, BLOOD AND PLANTS
C.
C6H1206 (2:1 RATIO OF H TO O)
D.
SUCROSE IS A DISACCHARIDE (MORE COMPLEX SUGAR)
BENEDICT’S SOLUTION ONLY DETECTS MONOSACCHARIDES
E.
YES, TEST TUBE #2 (ORANGE)
F.
THE CONTROL GROUP
FOOD NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
LAB RESULTS
2.
STARCH TEST
TEST TUBE #1YELLOW (NEGATIVE)
TEST TUBE #2DARK BROWN/BLACK (POSITIVE)
INDICATORIODINE (IODINE POTASSIUM IODIDE OR IDI)
QUESTION ANSWERS
A. WHEN SEVERAL GLUCOSE MOLECULES BOND TOGETHER
B. PLANT CELLS (CELLULOSE), ANIMAL CELLS (GLYCOGEN)
C. CORN, POTATOES, RICE, WHEAT
D. SIMPLE SUGAR (ONE MOLECULE) WHICH IS A MONOMER,
COMPLEX SUGAR (SEVERAL MOLECULES) WHICH ARE
POLYMERS
E. YES, TEST TUBE #2, DARK BROWN/BLACK
F.
THE CONTROL GROUP
FOOD NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
LAB RESULTS
3.
LIPID TEST
TEST TUBE #1CLEAR/COLORLESS
OR LIGHT RED (NEGATIVE)
TEST TUBE #2 RED (POSITIVE) BUT SEPARATED
INDICATORSUDAN 4
QUESTION ANSWERS
A.TEST TUBE #2
B. IN THE OIL BECAUSE IT IS A LIPID (FAT)
C. FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL
D. YOU NEED FATS FOR CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND ENERGY
STORAGE. WITHOUT THEM, CELLS WOULD NOT FUNCTION
PROPERLY.
E. YES, TEST TUBE #2, RED
F. THE CONTROL GROUP
FOOD NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
LAB RESULTS
4.
PROTEIN TEST
TEST TUBE #1BLUE (NEGATIVE)
TEST TUBE #2PURPLE(POSITIVE)
INDICATORBIURET REAGENT
QUESTION ANSWERS
A.
AMINO ACIDS20 (MONOMERS)
B.
C, H, O, AND N
C.
HAIR, NAILS, SKIN, BONE, MUSCLES, BLOOD
D.
PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF LONG STRANDS OF AMINO ACIDS
(POLYPEPTIDE) AMINO ACIDS ARE THE MONOMERS AND
PROTEINS (POLYPEPTIDES ARE THE POLYMERS)
E.
YES, TEST TUBE #2, PURPLE
F.
THE CONTROL GROUP
PROTEIN TEST
FORMAT25 PTS.
• 11 MULTIPLE CHOICE (WITH DIAGRAMS)
• LAB CHART (8 PTS.)POSITIVE TEST RESULTS GIVEN
THE 4 INDICATORS USED IN THE FOOD NUTRIENT LAB
• 2 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 PTS. EACH)
• 3 BONUS (1 PT. EACH)
WHAT TO
REVIEW/STUDY
• BOOK PAGES 37-40
• FOOD NUTRIENT LAB RESULTS
• PROTEIN NOTES
• PROTEIN DIAGRAMS
• PROTEIN STUDY GUIDE
• BOZEMAN SCIENCE ON YOUTUBE (PROTEINS)
PROTEIN STUDY
GUIDE
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. A