Transcript Skin and Skin Care Products

Skin and Skin Care
Products
The Skin
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Encloses the body
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Prevents some internal materials from
escaping
Keeps most external materials out
Regulates body temperature
Regulates penetration of sunlight
Layers of the skin
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The skin has many components, but it can
be considered as four layers
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Subcutaneous tissue
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Dermis
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True skin
Epidermis
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Underlying fatty material
Outer layer
Stratum Corneum
Only skin deep?
Stratum Corneum
Outer most layer of the skin
 Approximately 10µm thick
 About 20 layers of dead cells
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Composed primarily of keratin (protein)
Overlap like shingles
Continually sloughed away
Cannot be penetrated by water soluble
materials.
Can be destroyed by acid or caustic.
Epidermis
Replenishes the stratum corneum
 Contains the pigment producing cells that
determine skin color.
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Dermis
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Contains the working elements of the
skin:
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Sensory nerves
Hair follicles
Blood vessles
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
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Excrete sebum
 50% fat
 20% wax
 5% free fatty acids
Skin Types
Normal – soft smooth skin with a healthy
appearance
 Oily – shiny with enlarged pores. Often
blemished
 Dry – fine texture, flaky, many expression
lines, poor elasticity
 Sensitive – florid with broken capillaries,
fine textured, like dry skin
 Blemished – excessively oily with
blemishes
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Skin care Cosmetics
Moisturizers
 Cleansing creams and lotions
 Cleansers for oily skin
 Lighteners
 Anti-aging
 Acne
 Sunscreen
 Self tanner
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Moisturizers
A product that adds water, and often some
emollients, to the skin. A variety of types
of moisturizers are available (for various
skin types), and are necessary for all skin
types to prevent dehydration.
 Replaces water lost from the skin
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Dryness and flexibility cannot be corrected
with oils - Only Water
Oil is used to limit the evaporation of water.
Formulation ingredients
Common Ingredients
Humectants
 Emolients
 Occlusives
 Actives
 Fragrance
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Humectants
An ingredient in skin or hair products that
draws moisture from the air to moisturize
the skin and also promotes the retention
of moisture in the skin
 Examples:
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Glycerine
Propylene glycol
Sorbitol
Urea
Lactic acid
Hyaluronic Acid
Emolients
Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening
agents that prevent water loss and have a
softening and soothing effect on the skin.
 A skin conditioning agent which helps
maintain the smooth, soft pliable
appearance of the skin.
 usually a grease or an oil that softens the
skin and protects it from dryness.
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Emolients
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Examples
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Sunflower seed oil
Allantoin
Cocoa butter
Olive oil
Mineral oil
Myristyl Myristate
Occlusive
substances that hold strongly to the
surface of the skin, preventing access to
the air and increasing absorption of
cosmetic treatments.
 Usually refers to an occlusive shield or
film that is spread onto the skin to slow or
prevent moisture evaporation.
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Occluives
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Examples
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Petrolatum
Lanolin
Candililla wax
dimethicone
Actives – Anti aging
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Alpha Hydroxy Acid Any one of several
natural acids (glycolic, lactic, citric, malic)
obtained from fruit which assist in
shedding dead skin cells. They provide the
benefit of chemical exfoliation of the skin,
making skin appear clearer.
Actives - Acne
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Benzoyl Peroxide - An oxygen releasing
chemical which causes drying, peeling and
antibacterial action on the skin. Used for
acne lesions, benzoyl peroxide is the
number one acne medication
recommended by doctors.
Actives – sunless tanning
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Dihydroxyacetone - The active
ingredient of sunless tanning products,
reacts with amino acids in the outer layers
of the skin to produce a browning effect.
Actives – skin lightening
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Kojic acid is primarily used in cosmetics for it's
skin lightening effect. It acts as an inhibitor of
tyrosinase, which is responsible for the formation
of melanin - the skin coloring agent in skin.
hydroquinone. Substance that is known to
successfully reduce the intensity of freckles,
melasma, and general brown patching by
inhibiting melanin production. For continued and
increased effectiveness it must be used long
term.
Actives - sunscreens
Zinc oxide - an opaque, full-spectrum
sunscreen also used to give opacity to
face powder and foundation.
 Titanium dioxide - a full-spectrum ,
which means that it protects the skin from
both UVA and UVB rays. It is also used to
give opacity to face powder, eye shadow,
and foundation.
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Actives – anti-dandruff
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Zinc pyrithione - a strong anti-dandruff
ingredient that is both a bactericide and
fungicide. It can be irritating to the skin.