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Active Lecture Questions for BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition Neil Campbell & Jane Reece Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Questions prepared by Jung Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Diversity among Biological Macromolecules Which type of biological polymer has the least diversity in physicochemical properties? a) polysaccharides b) polypeptides c) DNA d) RNA Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. RNA and DNA How does RNA differ from DNA? a) DNA encodes hereditary information; RNA does not. b) DNA forms duplexes; RNA does not. c) DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil. d) all of the above Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Lipids Compared to tropical fish, arctic fish oils have a) more unsaturated fatty acids. b) more cholesterol. c) less unsaturated fatty acids. d) more trans-unsaturated fatty acids. e) more hydrogenated fatty acids. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Archaeal Membrane Lipids Archaea have different phospholipids in their membranes from either Bacteria or Eukarya, as shown in this figure. The Archaeal phospholipids a) suggest that Archaea are of extraterrestrial origin. b) likely arose from adaptation to extreme environments by an ancestral Archaeal cell. c) indicate that Archaea are more primitive than Bacteria and Eukarya. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Subunits If actively growing cells are fed 14C-labeled glucose, what macromolecules will become radioactive first? a) proteins b) starch c) nucleic acids d) fatty acids Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Subunits and Metabolic Labeling If you want to selectively label nucleic acids being synthesized by cells, what radioactive compound would you add to the medium? a) 35S-labeled sulfate b) 32P-labeled phosphate c) 14C-labeled leucine d) 3H-labeled thymidine e) 14C-labeled guanine Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Lipids All lipids a) are made from glycerol and fatty acids. b) contain nitrogen. c) have low energy content. d) are acidic when mixed with water. e) do not dissolve well in water. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Protein Structure and Amino Acids Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the betahemoglobin gene that changes a charged amino acid, glutamic acid, to valine, a hydrophobic amino acid. Where in the protein would you expect to find glutamic acid? a) on the exterior surface of the protein b) in the interior of the protein, away from water c) at the active site, binding oxygen d) at the heme-binding site Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Protein Structure The sickle cell hemoglobin mutation alters what level(s) of protein structure? a) primary b) tertiary c) quarternary d) all of the above e) primary and tertiary structures only Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Macromolecular Structures and Bonds Ceviche is prepared by marinating fresh raw fish in citrus juice for several hours, until the flesh becomes opaque and firm, as if cooked. How does citrus juice render the seafood safe to eat? a) Acidic pH denatures (unfolds and inactivates) proteins by disrupting their hydrogen bonds. b) Citrus juice denatures proteins by disrupting their ionic bonds. c) Citrus juice contains enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds to break apart proteins. d) Citrus juice dissolves cell membranes by disrupting hydrophobic interactions. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.