Transcript Powerpoint on Essential Substances

Common Substances
Essential to Living
Things
What do we need to survive?
Organic vs. Inorganic
Compounds
 Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are the
most common elements in living things
 These three elements make up sugars,
oils, fats, waxes, starches and proteins
 Since all of the above compounds
contain carbon – Organic Compounds
 If a substance doesn’t contain carbon,
then it is called an Inorganic Compound
Organic or Inorganic???
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Limestone?
Distilled water?
Hydrochloric acid?
Vitamin C?
Fat?
ASA?
Sugar?
Urea?
Silver Nitrate?
Baking Soda?
Bleach?
Organic or Inorganic???
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Limestone – CaCO3
Distilled water – H20
Hydrochloric acid – HCl
Vitamin C – C6H8O6
ASA – CH3COOC6H4COOH
Sugar – C6H12O6
Urea – NH2CONH2
Silver Nitrate – AgNO3
Baking Soda – NaHCO3
Bleach – NaOCl
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
INORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
 Needed in large
amounts for survival
 “Macro-” means large or
large-scale
 Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium,
magnesium, calcium,
sulfur are all
macronutrients in plants
 Needed in minor or trace
amounts for survival
 “Micro-” means small or
small-scale
 Zinc, iron, cadmium,
selenium and others are
micronutrients
Optimum Amounts
 All nutrients (macronutrients or
micronutrients) have an optimum
amount of which to ingest for best health
 Example – Selenium – need for 70 μg
(micrograms) for best health
Carbohydrates
 Made up of carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen atoms
 These molecules can form sugars and
starches
 Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate and
is produced by plants during
photosynthesis
Sources of Carbohydrates
Lipids
 Made up of carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen atoms
 Waxes, oils and fats belong to this group
of organic molecules
 Plant products contain a large amount of
oil (canola seeds, corn, peanuts,
soybeans, walnuts and cashews)
Examples of Lipids
Amino Acids
 Amino acids join together to form
proteins
 has a central carbon atom surrounded by
the following elements: hydrogen,
oxygen, other carbons, nitrogen or sulfur
 Used in growth and repair, as a source of
energy and they make up enzymes
Sources of Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
 Made up of phosphates, simple sugars
(called ribose) and nitrogen-containing
molecules
 All cells contain two nucleic acids:
 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids)
 RNA (ribonucleic acids)
 Plays a major role in heredity and in
controlling a cell’s activities
Nucleic Acids