Transcript The Italian Renaissance

The Renaissance &
Reformation
1300- 1650
Filippo Brunelleschi
• Commissioned to
build the cathedral
dome.
– Used unique
architectural
concepts.
 He studied the
ancient
Pantheon in
Rome.
 Used ribs for
support.
 Filippo Brunelleschi
1377 - 1436
 Architect
 Cuppolo of St. Maria
del Fiore
Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise
Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452
Comparing Domes
Other Famous Domes
Il Duomo
(Florence)
(Washington)
St. Peter’s
(Rome)
St. Paul’s
(London)
US capital
I. Why in Italy at this Time?
• New interest in
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•
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ancient Rome society
Feudalism had less of
a grip on Italy
Cities survived middle
ages
Wealthy and powerful
merchant class-
Florence
• Merchant class
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•
promoted cultural
rebirth- stressed
education and
Individual
achievement
Medici family-Florence
Patron= financial
supporter of arts
Florence Under the Medici
Medici Chapel
The Medici Palace
Renaissance = “Rebirth”
• Change in way people viewed themselves and
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world
Medieval scholars- focus on life after death
Renaissance- focus “Individual Achievement
Humanism- intellectual movement applied
wisdom of ancients to renaissance world
A man with talent in many fields ? Who
The Renaissance “Man”
• Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
• Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.
• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
man” was at the heart of Renaissance
education.
1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512
 Artist
 Sculptor
 Architect
 Scientist
 Engineer
 Inventor
1452 - 1519
 Vitruvian Man
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1492
The
L’uomo
universale
Leonardo, the Artist:
From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4
ParodyThe Best Form of Flattery?
A Macaroni Mona
A Picasso Mona
An Andy Warhol Mona
A “Mona”ca Lewinsky
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
• Perspective-
technique in painting
makes distant objects
smaller than those
close to the viewer
vertical
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
horizontal
Perspective!
A Da Vinci “Code”:
St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):
Pages from his Notebook
An example of
the humanist
desire to unlock
the secrets of
nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Engineer:
A study of siege defenses.
Pages from
his Notebook
Studies of water-lifting
devices.
Michelangelo
• Ceiling of the Sistine
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•
•
Chapel
Conflict with Pope
Julius II
Incredible energy and
endurance
“Mannerism”
 David
 Michelangelo
Buonarotti
 1504
 Marble
The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
The Pieta
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
1499
marble
The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall
from
Grace
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,
1514-1515
 Castiglione
author wrote a
guide for
members of the
court
 Ideal manathletic but not
overactive, good
at games, but
not a gambler,
Renaissance Art and Architecture
• Raphael (1483-1520)
• Man of great
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•
sensitivity and
kindness
Died at the age of 37
“The School of
Athens”
Famous for frescoes
in the Vatican Palace
Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael
1504
Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna
Albrecht Durer
• German Leonardo
• Wide ranging
•
interests
Northern Europe
Renaissance slowed
by lack of economic
growth
Dürer
Four
Horsemen
of the
Apocalypse
woodcut,
1498
Dürer
The Last
Supper
woodcut,
1510
Pieter Bruegel the (1525-1569)
• One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age.
• Painted scenes of daily life
• Was deeply concerned with human vice and
follies.
• A master of landscapes; not a portraitist.
– People in his works often have round, blank, heavy
faces.
– They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes
malicious.
– They are types, rather than individuals.
– Their purpose is to convey a message.
Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563
Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind
Leading the Blind, 1568
Renaissance Society
• Number of portraits
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•
painted during this
era illustrates focus
on the individual
achievement
Focus on man’s free
will
Women artists work
secret
V. Renaissance Politics
• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469•
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1527)
-- “The Prince”
The goal of the prince
must be power
Cynical view of human
nature
Fear is a better motivator
than affection
Politics as the art of
deception
Quintin
Massey,
Old
Woman,
1513
VI. Renaissance Art and
Architecture
• Greek & Roman
architecture was
revived in
Renaissance building
projects
Printing Press
• The significance of
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Gutenberg’s printing
press- new middle class,
new audience for
literature in vernacular
Explosion of printed
materials
The impact of movabletype printing presses:
research and literacy
Social Reform
• Thomas More
--Utopia- called for
social reforms
--Executed by Henry
VIII in 1535
Miguel de Cervantes
• Spanish Renaissance
• Don Quixote- mocks
medieval chivalry
Most far-reaching influence
• William Shakespeare
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(1564-1616)
Enriched English
language*
Macbeth: ambition
Hamlet: individualism
Keen sensitivity to
sounds and meanings
of words