Transcript Ch.9cellrespiration

Cellular Respiration
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All living things need
energy
Energy in the form
of…
Food=chemical
energy
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Cell energy=
ATP
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Glycolytic pathways
Prokaryotes
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Lack mitochondria??
Free enzymes break
down glucose-ATP
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1 glucose=2 ATP
No O2 needed so…
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ANAEROBIC
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Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis
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Where in the cell does
gylcolysis occur?
Fate of glucose in the
beginning of gylcolysis?
Explain “it takes energy to
make energy”??
How much net ATP is made?
What else is made?
2 types of fermentation?
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Cytoplasm
Fructose (isomer)
Invest 2 ATP get 4
Net= 2 ATP
CO2 + NADH
Lactate or alcohol
Mitochondrial structure
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Two compartments
inner and outer
Inner=MATRIX
Lotsa folds=…why?
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Outer=acid…why?
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The Mitochondria
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Double membrane
Has it’s own DNA!!
Can reproduce in
cell…!
Endosymbiont??
Possible evolution?
Possible evolution of
mitochondria-endosymbiont
The Fate of PYRUVATE
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Taken into mitochondria
Broken down to ACETATE
CO2 produced
Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to
produce acetyl Coenzyme A
The TCA or KREBS CYCLE
CO2
 NADH &
FADH
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2 more ATP
Krebs Cycle
Quiz-Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
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What are the reactants?
What is produced?
What do we mean by
nonmembrane reactions?
What is NADH? FADH?
What is CoA and why is it
important?
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Pyruvate (C3)
2 ATP, CO2, NADH,
FADH
Enzymes not embedded
Energy carriers
Escort molecule to Krebs
cycle
3rd alternative pathway…
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Mitochondria and
O2 needed
Uses NADH and
FADH produced in
previous reactions
To make more ATP
Lots more!!
What is NADH?? FADH??
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ENERGY CARRIER!
Same for FADH
Carrier to…?
Electron Transport System
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ETS (cytochrome
chain) is a series of
reduction/oxidation
reactions
Enzymes
embedded in
mitochondrial
membranes
ETS--Chemiosmosis
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RedOx reactions
pump H+ out of
matrix to…
Outer compartment
H+ = acid…aha!
Chemiosmosis
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H+ can only “fall” back into matrix thru
A special enzyme/protein complex
ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that
makes??
But…how much ATP??
glycolysis
Alternatives to carbos?
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Fats (2X calories/gm)
but produce ketones
Protein produces
ammonia!!
We utilize some of
each but in small
amounts
Why are virtually all living
things aerobes??
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There’s lotsa O2
Mitochondria
MORE ATP/glucose!
Protective enzymes
(SOD, catalase, etc)
Summary Quiz
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What are the reactants of aerobic
respiration?? Products? Equation?
List the three respiratory stages:
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Why is oxygen needed?
How much ATP is produced by
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Where in the cell do each occur?
What are the products of each?
Anaerobic gylcolysis?
Aerobic glycolysis?
List the 2 types of fermentation??