Transcript dessert without oven

FOOD ON CANVAS
RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance is a period from the 15th to the 17th
century, considered the bridge between the Middle
Ages and Modern history.
It started as a cultural movement in northern Italy and
cities like Florence, Genova, Bologna and Venice in the
Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of
Europe.
The Renaissance in Por tugal
T he Por tuguese Renaissance refers to the cultural
and ar tistic movement in Por tug al during the 15th,
16th and 17th centuries.
The Renaissance had a modest impact in
Por tuguese ar ts and made Por tug al more humanist
putting the human being “at the center of the
universe”
Manueline style or Late Gothic was the correct
d e f i n i t i o n f o r t h i s A r t p e r i o d i n o u r c o u n t r y.
Basket with cherries, cheese and potery jars (1670-1680), Josefa de Óbidos
oil on canvas 50x110cm, Private collection, Lisbon, Portugal
 Josefa de Ayala Figueira (Josefa D’ Óbidos) was a Spanish-born, Portuguese
painter (1630-1684). She was part of the Late Gothic art in Portugal.
 She was known for her still life paintings with food items and her love for
religion, mainly due to her three year stay in a Monastery and a strict religious education.
 In this particular painting Josefa D’Óbidos depicted some typical Portuguese food
items like cheese and “tigeladas”, a kind of dessert baked in the oven with a great
amount of eggs, flour, brown sugar, honey and lemon.
 The table looks organised, clean and full of calm and harmony which could be
related to the painter’s connection to religious imagery.
FOOD IN THE
RENAISSANCE
THE LAST SUPPER -
PA I N T E D B Y L E O N A R D O DA V I N C I
1495-1497.
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)was a famous Italian painter ,
scientist, inventor and polymath.
Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Verrocchio.
Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan.
He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and he spent his last years in
France at the home awarded him by Francis.
Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man
of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination.
 One of da Vinci’s most famous paintings, which is also the most famous dinner party of all time,
was based on the time when Jesus Christ revealed in the middle of a meal that one of his apostles
had betrayed him.
 According to the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), the event takes place at Passover, a
time when lamb would normally be served, but scripture is silent on the menu for this particular
seder.

.Emphasysing
religious figures and details it seems the artist didn’t pay much attention to the
meal itself and all one can understand is the presence of bread, meat and wine.
MEAT
Meat was very popular during the Renaissance, even though the
poor didn't have it often. The meat back then was very spicy, so it
was extremely salted to hide the spicy flavor. Meat was usually served
in ragouts or pottages which was good for dealing with preserved
meat.
Cucina
Vincenzo Campi
Possibly 1580-90, Cremona, Lombardy
Oil on canvas
Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, Mila,
 Vincenzo Campi (Cremona, Italy 1536 — 1591). He was known for his various
painting of still life (vegetables, fruit and food). In this case he painted a kitchen scene
which was more typical of Dutch painters.
 The kitchen (cucina) belonged to the network of service spaces - from pantries to
wine cellars - that kept the house supplied with food and drink.
 Many servants rarely left the kitchens, and the woman of the house paid frequent
visits to supervise their work.
 This Kitchen scene shows us a lot of life and action happening at the same
time. Women and men , probably servants, are preparing the animal meat before it is
cooked and there are a couple of pets as well, making this a typical domestic scene,
probably in the kitchen of a noble family, for whom so much meat would be something
common on special dates.
 The Renaissance was a period of Discoveries as Christopher
Columbus discovered the Americas during the 14th century.
 A variety of vegetables, spices and fruits were introduced,
which made the European kitchen hungrier for more new tastes and
flavors.
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
 The rich usually had more fruit than the poor, but they both had it.
Preserved fruit was the closest thing to "sweets" that there was. The
season for fruit was short, so the fruit was either preserved "wet" or
"dry", wet meaning it would be made into marmalade, and dry for
example, it would be like orange peels. The vegetables were usually
preserved in brine or vinegar. The most common vegetables were
leeks, cauliflower, artichokes and chicory.
B A C C H U S , C A R AVA G G I O
C . 1597; OIL ON CANVAS , 37 3/8 X 33
1/2 IN; UFFIZI, FLORENCE
 Michelangelo Merisi (or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (1517-1610) was an Italian
painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1592 and 1610.
 His paintings, which combine realistic observation of the human state, both physical
and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence of Baroque
painting.
 The painting shows a youthful Bacchus reclining in classical fashion with
grapes and vine leaves in his hair. On a stone table in front of him is a bowl of
fruit and a large carafe of red wine; with his left hand he holds out to the viewer
a shallow goblet of the same wine, apparently invinting the viewer to join him.
VERTUMNUS, ARCIMBOLDO
A P O R T R A I T D E P I C T I N G R U D O L F I I , H O LY R O M A N E M P E R O R
PA I N T E D A S V E R T U M N U S , T H E R O M A N G O D O F T H E S E A S O N S ,
C. 1590-1. SKOKLOSTER CASTLE, SWEDEN.
 Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1526-1593) was an Italian painter best known for
creating imaginative portrait heads made entirely of food items, such as fruit, vegetables,
flowers, fish.
 In this painting Arcimboldo mixes a variety of fruit with a classical Roman
Empire figure, typical of Renaissance art. He created Rudolph’s image as the
character of the Vertumnus, the God of plant life, growth and the change of seasons,
compiled of fresh fruit and vegetables.
SEASONS FOR FOODS
 Season plays a big part on food. One does not get lamb in August, or
fresh artichokes in March. Strawberries are intense, but brief in in
pleasure in June. Meats are seasonal too. Pigs get slaughtered in
December and their remains get served as sausage, bacon, etc. and are
eaten until spring. Spring is the most difficult season for food because the
food that was harvested in the late summer and Autumn and is often
gone and it would be too early to grow crops, but then lamb season
comes quick. This would be the food that both the rich and the poor
would have back then in the renaissance.
THE PEASANT WEDDING
BRUEGEL
1568 – NETHERLANDS
KUNSTHISTORISCHES MUSEUM, VIENNA
 Pieter Bruegel was born in Anthuerp in1525, he died on September 9, 1569.
 He was born in Anthuerp but he spent some time in France and Italy and then in 1551 he was
accepted as a master in the painter’s guild. He travelled to Italy soon after, and then returned to
Antwerp before settling in Brussels permanently 10 years later.
 He was a Dutch Renaissance painter known for his landscape and peasant scenes.
 He painted scenes of everyday life such as this painting, full of warmth and life while describing a
peasant wedding with different types of food (meat, cheese or the typical beer of Anthuerp)
 In Renaissance dining, fruit is essentially an important element in completing a fine meal.
Usually served last in forms of marmalades or salads or what we call now as desserts. The term
“dessert” was not used during those times as it carries with it a point for debate. “Dessert” was simply
called the last meal course. This rose into popularity when sugar became more available for European
consumers as new crops of sugarcanes were brought in from the Americas. On the painting a large
tray of puddings is being served to the wedding guests
The Royal Feast (1579), Sanchez Coello
Oil on canvas, Warsow Museum
ALONSO SANCHEZ COELLO (1531-1588).
 This Spanish painter travelled to Portugal in his youth where he started his
artistic education working for the king João III. The king enjoyed the painter’s work
and sent him to Flanders where he had the opportunity to wotk with the Spanish painter
António Moro.
 Then he went back to Spain and became the personal painter of Filipe II who later
became a King of Portugal.
 He became famous for his royal portraits and depiction of noble life scenes.
 The Royal Feast represents a meal of Filipe II’s and his court.
 Fruit items, such as pears and grapes, bread and wine are depicted in this
painting making every guest’s delights. One of the nobles seems to be serving soup and
fish to the king.
 We can see sophisticated plates with golden details, revealing all the wealth of the
Spanish court due to South American Empire.
UTENSILS
 In the Renaissance, kitchen and table utensils were quite basic and table manners
were mainly a matter of the nobles. There were some cutlery items, like knives and a few
forks, but most of the time people ate using their bare hands.
 Even in large kitchens, the equipment was quite basic. The most important item was
the mortar (ancestor of the modern blender), used for grinding and mixing all sorts of
ingredients. But there were also pastry cutters to make pies, terracotta pots for slow
braising and spits for roasting meat. Few of these survive, and most come from
archaeological excavations.
BODEGÓN
Francisco de Zurbarán
1636
FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN (1598-1664).
 As a child he showed a talent for painting and he was sent to Seville in 1614 to
apprentice with the artist Pedro Diaz Villanueva. Years later he became a painter in Seville
and at the time, religious orders were a significant source of work for artists.
In fact, the majority work of this Spanish painter followed religious themes.
 Many of his theologically inspired paintings are simple, yet emotionally compelling,
works that show his naturalistic style, as well as his skilled use of light and shadow.
Zurbarán's few secular pieces include exquisite still life images, such as “BodegonStill Life with Pottery Jars”( the one we chose) "Still Life with Lemons, Oranges and a
Rose" (1633), and a "Labors of Hercules" series painted for the Buen Retiro Palace in
Madrid.
 The term bodegon comes from the Spanish word “bodega” which translates to
“pantry”, “tavern”, or “wine cellar”. In art, bodegon refers to the depiction of
household objects like vases, flowers, fruit, game and other foods and
utensils.
 In Spanish art, Bodegón is a still life with pottery jars depicting pantry
items, such as victuals, game and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab,
and also a painting with one or more figures, but significant still life elements,
typically set in a kitchen.
ERASMUS +
 Work done by:
 Cristian Martea
 Francisco Pedro
 João Gil
 Martim Gonçalves
 Nuno Faria
 Rodrigo Dias
 Teresa Soares Carneiro
 Tiago Osório