Transcript The Latin West, 1200-1500 Chapter 14

The Latin West,
1200-1500
Rural Growth and Crisis
Peasant and Population
 In
1200 most Europeans were ____.
– Serfdom
– Inefficient agriculture
– Fifteen to Thirty: One
 Women
 Population
1000-1445
– Technology
3
field system
 oats
The Black Death and Social
Change
 Curved
the population, arriving in
1346. Two years; returned
periodically in 1300 and 1400s.
– Effects:
Mines and Mills
 1200-1500
windmill and water
wheel.
 New industrial tools
– Mining, ironworking, stone quarrying,
tanning. Results:
Urban Revival
Trading Cities
 Why
did cities grow after 1200?
– Northern Italy
– Champagne
– Flanders
 Venice
1204
– Mongol trade
– Mediterranean galley trade with
Constantinople, Beirut, and Alexandria
 Flanders
– Wool
 Champagne
– Trade fairs
 England
– textiles
and Florence
Civic Life
 Why
were European cities able to
respond to changing market
conditions better than Chinese and
Islamic cities?
 Jews
– Cities
– Persecution
– Blamed for everything
– Spain
– usary
 Guilds
 Medicis
and Fuggars
Gothic Cathedrals
 Masterpiece
of medieval architecture
 Trail and error
Learning, Literature, and the
Renaissance
Universities and Learning
 By
1100 W. Europe got access to
Greek and Arabic works of science,
philosophy, and medicine.
– Jews
– Monasteries
 Universities
(1200)
– Guilds
– Theology
– scholasticism
Humanists and Printers
 Dante
Alighieri (1265-1321)
 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
 Greek and Roman influence; more
emphasis on secondary education.
– Vernacular
 Johann
Gutenberg
Renaissance Artists
 14th
and 15th century art
– Greek and Roman gods
– Realistic
– Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
– Medici and the church
 patrons
Political and Military
Transformations
Monarchs, Nobles, and the Clergy
 13th
century monarchs ruled by weak
monarchs. Why?
 Two major weapon changes,
undermined the knights.
 Limited
Monarchy
– King Philip the Fair (France)
– Norman conquest of 1066
 Centralized
the royal power
 Limited by pope and nobles
 Magna Carta
 Marriage
Alliances
 Effects:
war over inheritance of territories
and strengthening of monarch authority due
to territorial boundaries.
The Hundred Years War,
1337-1453
 France
against England
– Effect:
New Monarchies in France and
England
 New
monarchies (after Hundred
Years)
– Government
– National boundaries
– Stronger representative institutions
– Control over ______



Military technology led to
– Then end of:
– Professional armies of: bowmen,
pikemen, musketeers, and artillery units.
New sources of revenue
Power shift (from ___ to _____)
– Parliament in England
– Estates General in France
Iberian Unification
 Spain
and Portugal emerged as
strong centralized states through:
 Reconquest was slow process
– Started in 1212
 Portugal
became completely
established in 1249.
– By 1415 they captured the Moroccan
port of Ceuta
 Iberian
Peninsula
– Castile and Aragon unified in 1469
– Muslims driven out in 1492
– Jews