Transcript Protein Synthesis PowerPoint

PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
DNA




Location: Nucleus
(eukaryotes only)
Structure/Size: double
strand, very large!
Bases: A, T, C, G
Function: master set of
instructions
VS.RNA




Location: depends- nucleus,
cytoplasm, ribosomes
Structure/Size: single
strand, shorter than DNA
Bases: A, U, C, G
Function: read instructions
and build proteins
DNA vs.RNA
LET’S REVIEW
Chromosomes are made up of DNA
 Chromosomes contain genes
 Genes are segments of DNA that act like a code

Gives the instructions for making proteins
 Proteins control traits

DNA
Genes
Proteins
Traits
Protein Synthesis = Making…..
IF DNA ONLY CODES FOR THE MAKING OF
PROTEINS, PROTEINS MUST BE VERY IMPORTANT
TO LIVING THINGS!
2 Steps Involved:
 TRANSCRIPTION
– turning DNA’s
code into messenger RNA
 TRANSLATION – turning mRNA
into an amino acid chain = PROTEIN
TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA copies instructions from DNA
 mRNA = messenger RNA

If the DNA Gene is
Then the RNA copy is
TCGGTCACG
AGCCAGUGC
Each set of 3 bases is called a CODON
and represents an AMINO ACID!!!
Using the
CODON
CHART is like
the process of
translation.
You take a
sequence of
RNA and turn
it into an
AMINO ACID
chain.
TRANSLATION
mRNA carries instructions out to the ribosomes
in the cytoplasm
 tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes

tRNA = transfer RNA
 Identified by an anticodon that matches a codon
 Example: The codon AUG matches the anticodon
UAC


rRNA puts the amino acids together to build the
amino acid chain = PROTEIN

rRNA = ribosomal RNA
GGGAUACGU
Glycine
Isoleucine
Arginine
1 = mRNA
 2 = ribosome
 3 = single amino acid
 4 = amino acid chain
 5 = tRNA

REVIEW- TYPES
Name
OF
RNA
Function
Location
Analogy
Nucleus,
cytoplasm,
or attached
to ribosomes
The foreman
mRNA
Messenger
RNA
Copy of
DNA
instructions
tRNA
Transfer
RNA
Carry amino Cytoplasm
acids to
ribosomes
Trucks/
transporters
rRNA
Ribosomal
RNA
Makes up
ribosomes;
puts amino
acids
together
Builders/
construction
workers
Ribosomes
ONE MORE TIME……
AT
GC
TA
TA
GC
CG
CG
AT
AT
(original
DNA)
A
G
T
T
G
C
C
A
A
_____
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(DNA) (mRNA)
TRANSCRIBE
DNA
AND
= AGT
mRNA
TRANSLATE
mRNA = UCA
= UCA
anticodon
= AGU
codon = serine