Transcript 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 REVIEW

Biology Journal 10/30/2015
Compare and contrast anabolism and
catabolism in a Venn diagram.
Anabolism
Both
Catabolism
Anabolism
Both
Catabolism
• Builds polymers
from monomers.
• AKA synthesis
• Biochemical
reactions
necessary in
biology
• Breaks down
polymers into
monomers.
• AKA decomposition
• Takes up energy
• Condensation
reaction
• makes H2O from
–H and –OH
• Happens when
your body makes
molecules
• Involve the
creation or
splitting of
H2O
• Makes energy
• Hydrolysis reaction
• Splits H2O to
replace –H and –OH
• Happens when your
body digests food
you eat
Name these molecules!
1.
5.
2.
Amino Acid
Glucose
3.
Ribose
6. C6H12O6
Glucose
7.
Saturated Fatty Acid
Saturated Fatty Acid
8.
4.
Glucose
Amino Acid
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name a disaccharide that comes from a plant
Name a disaccharide that comes from an animal
Name a polysaccharide that comes from a plant
Name a polysaccharide that comes from an animal
1. Sucrose or Maltose
2. Lactose
3. Starch or cellulose
4. Glycogen
What does the
protein
RuBisCO do?
RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
carboxylase/oxygenase) is a protein used in
carbon-fixation (taking carbon from the
atmosphere and making carbohydrates out of
it). It is found in most plants, and autotrophic
single-celled organisms. It’s probably the
most abundant enzyme on Earth!
Draw a saturated fatty acid!
What determines what the 3D
shape of a protein will be?
The chemical properties of the amino acids!
And the sequence of amino acids! These
interact and fold up into the final protein
shape.
Make a drawing of a generalized
amino acid.
R group
(could be 20 different
things in human proteins)
Amine
(NH2)
Carboxyl
(COOH)
Alpha carbon
(the middle C where the R group is attached)
A chemical reaction occurs, breaking down a polymer.
a. What could be two terms to describe this reaction?
b. What are the names of the reactant and the products?
c. What is the other reactant, and how many are needed?
H2O
Splits!
H2O
Splits!
(a) Hydrolysis (it splits H2O) and catabolism or decomposition
(b) Reactant = polypeptide (or “protein” –though this would be a tiny protein)
Products = 3 monopeptides (or amino acids)
(a) 2 H2O molecules are reactants, and will be split (hydrolysis).
What is a proteome?
Just like a genome is all of the
genes an organism has
(ATCG’s), a proteome is all of
the proteins (sequence of
amino acids) that an organism
makes.
Draw Glucose!
Label each of these molecules with terms we
know from these sections. (such as
“disaccharide”, “polyunsaturated fat”…)
5
1
Disaccharide
Saturated Fatty Acid
2
Disaccharide
Saturated Fatty Acid
3
7
Polysaccharide
4
6
Trans Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
8
Monosaccharide
Cis Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
Define what it means for a protein to denature.
When a protein loses its shape it is called denaturing. It is
irreversible. It can happen when the protein is exposed to:
Different
Different
It’s triglyceride
Carboxyl groups
3 Fatty acids
Glycerol
What is the name of this molecule? Name
3 of its parts.
Which structure represents an amino acid?
A chemical reaction occurs, synthesizing 5 monomers.
a. What could be two terms to describe this reaction?
b. What is the name of the reactants, and the product?
c. What is the other product and how many molecules of it are
made?
H
OH
H2 O
H
OH
H2O
H
OH
H2 O
H
OH
H2 O
(a) Condensation or dehydration and anabolism or synthesis
(b) Reactant = glucose (a monosaccharide, or sugar)
Product = starch (a polysaccharide, or carbohydrate)
(a) 4 H2O molecules are made
Draw ribose!
What does
the protein
insulin do?
Insulin is made by the pancreas. When
blood-sugar is high, it is released and
decreases the amount of glycogen
(blood sugar) in the blood and stores it
in the liver, or as fat.
State the effect of pH on a protein.
All proteins have an optimal pH.
Deviation from this results in the
denaturaziation of proteins, and thus
a reduction in functionality.
Biology Journal 10/15/2015
Complete the table!
Molecule
Type
Monomer
Dimer
Polymer Examples
Carbohydrates
Starch…
Proteins
Enzymes,
transport
proteins,
keratin,
Lipids
(aka fats)
Monopeptide
(one amino acid)
CH2
n/a
lipid
Biology Journal 10/15/2015
Molecule Type
Monomer
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide
Monopeptide
Proteins
Lipids
(aka fats)
(one amino
acid)
CH2
Dimer
Disaccharide
Dipeptide
n/a
Polymer
Examples
Polysaccharide,
carbohydrate
Starch,
lactose,
glucose,
ribose
Polypeptide,
Protein
Enzymes,
transport
proteins,
keratin,
lipid
Fatty acids,
triglyceride
1. Which structure represents an amino
acid?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
Question from Paper 1
2. Which molecule is:
a. ribose
b. Generalized amino acid
c. Generalized fatty acid
3. Discuss which two molecules are most similar.
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
Question from Paper 1
4. Which molecule represents ribose?
5. What is the name of molecule B?
6. What is the name of molecule C?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
7. What kind of molecule is this?
8. Draw it and label its parts.
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
9. What is the name of this
molecule?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
11. What kind of molecule is this?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
12. Name this molecule.
13. Describe it’s structure in as much detail as you
can.
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
+
H2 O
→
+
14. What kind of reaction is shown?
15. Write out the reaction as words:
Sucrose + _______ → ________ + _______
16. When might this reaction be happing in your body?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
→
A chemical reaction is shown below.
17. Name each reactant and product.
18. What kind of reaction is this?
19. Where should water be present in the reaction?
How many molecules of water?
Discuss with your partner.
Agree on an answer and put it on
your sheet.
A chemical reaction occurs, synthesizing 5 monomers.
20. What could be two terms to describe this reaction?
21. What is the name of the product?
22. What is the other product and how many molecules of
it are made?
2.1 Draw a molecular diagram of alpha-D glucose, D-ribose, a saturated fatty
acid, and a generalized amino acid (showing R group)
Ribose
C5H10O5
We put the D in
DNA
DNA is deoxyribonucleic
acid. A form of ribose with
one fewer oxygen called
“deoxyribose” is part of
2.1 Draw a molecular diagram of alpha-D glucose, D-ribose, a saturated fatty
acid, and a generalized amino acid (showing R group)
Generalized Amino
Acid
Biology Journal 10/15/2015
What could be some foods that
are high in…
•Protein
•Lipids
•Polysaccharides
•Monosaccharides