Transcript Molecules of Life Student Copy

Molecules of Life
Water
• The human body is mostly water
– Lean muscle: ____ water
– Blood: ____ water
– Body fat: ___ water
– Bone: ___ water
• All living organisms require water to live
Properties of Water
• Water is a ________
_________
– Each atom has a
partial charge
– Molecule has zero net
charge
• Polar molecules have
special properties
– ___________
– Bond with each other
(___________)
– Take longer to heat
and cool
δ-
O
H
δ+
H
δ+
Water Trivia
• What occupies more volume – 8 oz of water at room
temperature, or 8 oz of water at -10 F?
• Answer: ____________, because ______________
_________________________________________
Properties of Water
• Water molecules are
attracted to molecules
of solid surfaces
(___________)
• _________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_(capillary action)
Carbon
• A carbon atom has _____________________
– wants to make 4 bonds to be stable
• Carbon can bond with itself and many other
elements
• Because it’s so friendly, _____________
__________________________
Organic Molecules
• ___________________________________________
_________ organic molecule
!! Except CO2 !!
• Most organic molecules are arranged like chains
– Each link is a __________
– A chain is a _________
– A large molecule made of a long chain or chains is a
____________________
Types of Organic Molecules
•
•
•
•
Carbohydrates
• Molecules used for energy, __________________
– Monosaccharide: a simple sugar (glucose, fructose,
galactose)
– Disaccharide: _______________________ bound together
(sucrose aka table sugar)
– Polysaccharide: 3 or more monosaccharides (___________
hundreds of glucose molecules bonded together)
Lipids
• Fatty compounds made of C H O,
____________________ (hydrophobic)
– ________________ are composed two lipid layers,
which keep water from crossing into or out of the
cell randomly
• Lipids are polymers made up of fatty acid
monomers
– Fatty acids have __________________________
Polar
(Yay water!)
Non polar
(Boo water!)
Lipid Trivia
• Why do polar molecules like to interact
with water, and non polar ones don’t?
• Answer:
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Lipid Layers
• Lipids in water will arrange themselves to
__________________________________
__________________________________
• Cell membranes are composed of a
___________________
Other Lipids
•
•
•
Nucleic Acids
• The genetic material in any cell
– __________________________ (DNA) and
___________________________ (RNA)
– Polymer chains composed of a combination of
5 different monomers
Nucleic Acids
• _______________________
_______________________
_______________________
– Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (DNA only),
Uracil (RNA only)
– Bond in specific pairs
– __________________________
– __________________________
• Nucleic acid polymers are millions of
monomers long, _________
______________________
• Helix unwinds during replication (copying)
DNA Trivia
• The DNA from a single human cell has a
length of ~ 5.9 feet.
• The biggest cells are less than 0.1 inches
across
• How can so much DNA fit in a cell?
• Answer:
__________________________________
__________________________________
Proteins
• Structural building blocks of cells in all tissues (not just
muscle!)
• Polymers composed of 300 – 100k+ monomers
• Monomers are called ______________________
• There are 20 amino acids, many of which must come
from your diet
Protein Structure
• Primary structure –
• Secondary structure –
Protein Structure
• Tertiary structure –
• Quaternary Structure –
Proteins in your body
1.
2.
3.
4.