Transcript ATP - mrs-shore

ATP
The Energy Currency of Living
Organisms
Objectives
• Understand the molecule ATP
Expected outcome
• Describe the structure of ATP
• Explain how ATP is broken down and
synthesised
• Explain why ATP is known as the universal
energy currency
Why do organisms need energy?
Why do organisms need energy?
Metabolism- chemical reactions
Active transport- moving ions and molecules against a concentration
gradient
Movement- within an organism and locomotion
Cell division- division, maintenance and repair of organelles
Synthesis of molecules- e.g. enzymes and hormones
Maintaining body temperature- in birds and mammals (endotherms),
replacing heat lost to the environment.
The energy comes from ATP
• Adenosine Triphosphate
• 3 components;
• Adenine
• Ribose
• 3 Phosphate groups
ATP Molecule
How ATP produces energy
• The breakdown of ATP releases the energy that living
organisms require.
ATP Breakdown
Adenosine
Pi
Pi
Pi
30Kj
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP
H2O
Recycling ATP
Energy Release to Cells
ATP
ADP
Pi
Energy from respiration
http://www.biologyinmotion.c
om/atp/index.html
Roles
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Metabolism
Synthesis e.g.
Polysaccharides
Amino acids
DNA/RNA
• Movement
• Muscle contraction
• Energy to allow muscle filaments to slide
Roles
• Active Transport
• Changes the shape of carrier proteins
• Secretion
• Forms the lysosomes necessary for exocytosis
• Chemical Reactions
• A phosphate molecule from ATP can be
transferred to another molecule
• Makes it more reactive
• Lowers activation energy
The Universal Energy Currency
• ATP is a universal energy currency
• What does this mean?
• What is the significance?
The Universal Energy Currency
• What does this mean?
• Common intermediate in many reactions
• Links energy requiring and energy producing reactions
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What is the significance?
It is universal with all living things
Easily participates in many reactions
Drives most biological processes
One molecule can be synthesised and perform a large
number of jobs
• Only one system is used to deliver to many reactions
Homework
• 1. Create a poster on A4 paper to advertise ATPyour new “energy” currency
• Include:
• A description of the molecule
• An explanation of how it works
• The advantageous features of the molecule
• You will also gain marks for creativity and
organisation
• 2. Background reading for next lesson: glycolysis
• http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/
BIOBK/BioBookGlyc.html#Glycolysis