Transcript WH Renaissance Spread North

Renaissance Art in Northern
Europe
,
,
,
,
Should not be considered an appendage to
Italian art.
But, Italian influence was strong.
 Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders,
was widely adopted in Italy.
The differences between the two cultures:
 Italy  change was inspired by
humanism with its emphasis on the
revival of the values of classical
antiquity.
 No. Europe  change was driven by
religious reform, the return to Christian
values, and the revolt against the
authority of the Church.
More princes & kings were patrons of
artists.
Characteristics of Northern
Renaissance Art
,
,
,
,
,
,
The continuation of late medieval
attention to details.
Tendency toward realism &
naturalism [less emphasis on the
“classical ideal”].
Interest in landscapes.
More emphasis on middle-class
and peasant life.
Details of domestic interiors.
Great skill in portraiture.
Begins in Flanders
Moves from there to France, Germany, and
Spain
Dutch Realism
Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441)
,
More courtly
and aristocratic
work.
 Court painter to
the Duke of
Burgundy,
Philip the Good.
,
The Virgin and
Chancellor
Rolin, 1435.
Giovanni
Arnolfini and
His Wife
(Wedding
Portrait)
Jan Van Eyck
1434
The
Marriage
of
In the mirror at the back of the room
Symbol
of
faithfulness
we
see
the
whole
scene
reflected from
The
mirror
is
painted
Giovanni
behind,
and there,
socandle
it seems,
we also
Almost
every
detail
can
Symbolic
with
almost
miraculous
seeArnolfini
the image of the painter
and
and
be
interpreted
as
a
The
solitary
flame
witness.
not knowframe
whether itis
skill. We
Itsdocarved
was
the Italian merchant
or the
symbol.
The
companion
burning
in
bright
Giovanna
inset
with
ten
miniature
northern artist who conceived the idea
dog
is
asbenew
a symbol
daylight
of
making
thisseen
usecan
of the
kind of
medallions
depicting
Cenami;
1434
painting,
which may be compared
to
of faithfulness
and love.
interpreted as the bridal
scenes
the life of
the
legal usefrom
of a photograph,
The
fruits
on
the allcandle,
God's
properly
endorsed
by
a witness.
But
Christ.
Yetormore
whoever
it was that
originated
this
window
ledge
probably
seeing
eye,
or
simply
as
remarkable
is been
the quick
mirror's
idea,
he had certainly
to
stand
for
fertility
and our
a devotional
candle.
understand
the
tremendous
reflection,
which
includes
possibilities
whichParadise.
lay in Van Eyck's
fall
from
Even
Another
symbol
is
St
van
Eyck's
own
tiny
selfnew way of painting. For the first
the
discarded
shoes
are
time
in history
the (the
artist became
the
Margaret
patron
portrait,
accompanied
by
perfect
eye-witness
in
the
truest
sense
not thought to be
saint of
women
in
another
man
who may
incidental,
to signify
of the
term.
childbirth),
whose
image
have
been thebut
official
is
onof
themarriage
high .
thecarved
sanctity
witness
to the
ceremony.
chairback.
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/eyck/arnolfini/arnolfini.jpg
Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife
(details)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
,
,
,
,
,
,
The greatest of
German artists.
A scholar as well as
an artist.
His patron was the
Emperor Maximilian
I.
Also a scientist
 Wrote books on
geometry,
fortifications, and
human proportions.
Self-conscious
individualism of the
Renaissance is seen
in his portraits.
 Self-Portrait at
26, 1498.
Dürer – Self-Portrait in
Fur-Collared Robe, 1500
He was an
engraver!
It almost looks
like
photography
http://www.washacadsci.org/flowers/grasses-the%20lar
ge%20turf.albrecht%20durer.large.jpg
Dürer
Four
Horsemen
of the
Apocalyps
e
woodcut,
1498
http://www.washacadsci.org/flowers/grasses-the%20lar
ge%20turf.albrecht%20durer.large.jpg
He did this just from an oral description.
He never saw a real Rhinoceros!
Everybody’s
favorite
tattoo?
http://www.elca.org/questions/Results.asp?recid=26
Hans Holbein, the Younger
(1497-1543)
,
,
One of the great
German artists who
did most of his work
in England.
While in Basel, he
befriended Erasmus.
 Erasmus Writing, 1523

,
,
Henry VIII was his
patron from 1536.
Great portraitist noted
for:
 Objectivity &
detachment.
 Doesn’t conceal the
weaknesses of his
subjects.
Artist to the Tudors
Henry VIII (left), 1540
and the future Edward
VI (above), 1543.
The English Were More
Interested in Architecture than
Painting
Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the
1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more medieval in
style].
Burghley House for William
Cecil
The largest & grandest house
of the early Elizabethan era.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (15251569)
,
,
,
,
,
One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his
age.
Worked in Antwerp and then moved to
Brussels.
In touch with a circle of Erasmian
humanists.
Was deeply concerned with human vice
and follies.
A master of landscapes; not a portraitist.
 People in his works often have round, blank,
heavy faces.
 They are expressionless, mindless, and
sometimes malicious.
 They are types, rather than individuals.
 Their purpose is to convey a message.
Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563
Bruegel’s, The Triumph of Death,
1562
New Ideas
Humanist
New Philosophical Ideas
New Political Ideas
New Ideas in Education
,
,
,
,
,
,
Renaissance humanists
Idealized the classical world of the ancient
Greeks and Romans
Focused on man and his intellectual powers
Focused on the classical ideal of seeking
fulfillment and meaning in daily life
Focused on individual worth and potential
Focused on many secular (non-religious)
aspects of life
Erasmus and Christian Humanism
• The best known Christian humanist
was Desiderius Erasmus.
• He developed what he
called “the philosophy of
Christ,” meant to show
people how to live good
lives on a daily basis rather
than how to achieve
salvation.
• He stressed inward piety,
not external observance of
rules and rituals.
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/h/holbein/erasmus.jpg
Erasmus and Christian Humanism
• To reform the Church, Erasmus
wanted to spread the philosophy of Christ,
educate people about Christianity, and
criticize the abuses of the Church.
• In his 1509 work The Praise of Folly, he
especially criticized the monks.
• Erasmus did not want to break away from
the Church, as later reformers would.
• Yet people of his day said, “Erasmus laid
the egg that Luther hatched.” What does
this mean?
Thomas More of England
• Thomas More wrote a famous
book called Utopia which was
about an “ideal” society
What is it
With these
British kings
And beheading!
Author
of
Utopia…
how
ironic!
• Thomas More famously opposed
the king and was beheaded.
The Impact of Printing
The Renaissance saw the
development of printing in
Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg of Germany
played a crucial role
in the process.
Gutenberg’s Bible, printed about
1455, was the first European
book produced from movable
type.
The Impact of Printing
Or the Impact of Computers
Most papers and magazines are now digitalized.
How has the computer changed communication today and an examination of
current invasions of privacy?
Objectives
1. List three characteristics of the
Renaissance
2. Explain the three estates of Renaissance
society.
3. Explain Renaissance education.
4. Describe artistic contributions of the
Renaissance.
5. Describe Christian humanism
6. Describe Luther’s role in the Reformation
7. Describe religious changes in
Switzerland, in England, and within the
Catholic Church.