Transcript document

Semester 1 review
parietal
Frontal
Zygomatic
Bone
Occipital
Nasal Bones
Parietal
Frontal
Nasal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
maxilla
Temporal
Bone
Mandible
Vomer
Nasal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
mandible
Frontal
Parietal Bone
temporal
Lacrimal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal
maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine
Vomer
Sphenoid
Temporal
occipital
What bone is this?
Occipital
What bone is this?
Parietal
What bone is this?
Frontal
What bone is this?
Frontal
What bone is this?
temporal
What bone is this?
Temporal
What bone is this?
sphenoid
What bone is this?
ethmoid
What bone is this?
maxilla
What bone is this?
mandible
What bone is this?
hyoid
What bones are these?
Sacrum
And
coccyx
manubrium
body
sternum
Xiphoid
process
Name the bone
clavicle
• Name the bone
scapula
What bone is this?
humerus
ulna
radius
Ulna
Radius
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
phalanges
metacarpals
• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum
• pisiform
• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hamate
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Illium
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium
Pubis
Illium
Femur
patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform
Cuboid
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Anatomy
• Means “cutting open”
• The study of the internal and external
structures of the body and their physical
relationships with one another
Physiology
• The study of how living organisms perform
their vital functions
Microscopic Anatomy
• Cytology- the study of the internal structure
and organization of cells
• Histology- the study of tissues (groups of
specialized cells
Levels of Organization
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1. Molecular level (atoms)
2. Cells
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ System
6. Organism
Look at page 9 in your book
Anatomical Position
The correct anatomical position is facing
forward with the palms also facing forward
Directional Terms
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Anterior/ventral- the front
Posterior/dorsal- the back
Cranial- the head
Caudal- the tail
Superior- above
Inferior- below
Medial- towards the longitudinal axis (center line)
Lateral- Away from the longitudinal axis
Proximal- toward and attached base
Directional Terms Cont.
• Distal- away from an attached base
• Superficial- at, near, or close to the surface
• Deep- farther from the body surface
Sectional Planes
• Transverse- horizontal sections, separates into
superior and inferior
• Sagittal- separates into right and left portions
• Frontal- separates into anterior and posterior
portions
• The organelle that looks like a stack of
pancakes, it modifies sorts and packages
molecules the cell makes for export
• Golgi Body (apparatus)
• Storage place for food, wastes, enzymes
• Vacuole
• Contains genetic information and controls the
cell’s activity
• Nucleus
• Membrane system which modifies and
transports molecules made on its attached
ribosomes
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Phospholipid and protein bilayer that
surrounds all cells and controls which
molecules enter or leave the cell
• Cell membrane
• Sac of digestive enzymes that breaks down
food or unwanted cell parts
• lysosome
• Membrane that surrounds the genetic
material and controls what enters and leaves
the nucleus
• Nuclear envelope
• Dark spot in the nucleus of non-dividing cell
where RNA for ribosomes is made
• nucleolus
• Network of microtubules and microfilaments
that give the cell shape and support and help
in movement
• cytoskeleton
• Many short hairlike structures made of
microtubules that are attached to the outside
of cells
• cilia
• Small structures free in the cytoplasm or
attached to the ER
• ribosomes
• Gel like material which contains organelles
found between the cell membrane and
nuclear membrane
• cytoplasm
• Network of membranes without attached
ribosomes
• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
• Small internal structure within the cell that
carries out a specific job
• organelle
• What are the 2 classes of nucleic acids?
• DNA and RNA
• What does DNA stand for
• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What does RNA stand for
• Ribonucleic acid
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What is different between RNA and DNA?
DNA uses deoxyribose in stead of Ribose
DNA has Thymine instead of Uracil
DNA is double Stranded instead of single
stranded
• What type of bond can be found between
nitrogen bases in DNA?
• Hydrogen bonds
• What does A bind with in RNA?
• U
• What does C bind with?
• G
• In DNA what does T bind with?
• A
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What are the 3 types of RNA?
Messenger
Transfer
Ribosomal
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What 3 components make up a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base
5 carbon sugar
phosphate
• Which bases are Purines? (Double-ringed)
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Which nitrogen bases are Pyrimidines? (single
rings)
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Uracil
• Which parts of the nucleotides make up the
backbone of DNA/RNA?
• Sugars and phosphates
• Which part of the nucleotide makes up the
“rungs” of the DNA ladder?
• Nitrogen base
• Nucleic acids are built from
• nucleotides
• What type of RNA combines with proteins to
make ribosomes?
• ribosomal
• What type of RNA matches its anticodon to
the codon on the mRNA?
• transfer
• What type of RNA carries the code from
nucleus to the cytoplasm?
• Messenger
• What tells RNA polymerase where to start?
• The promoter
• What must happen to the mRNA before it can
leave the nucleus?
• It must be edited
• What is the part of the mRNA that is cut out?
• intron
• What part of the mRNA is coded for?
• exon
• An mRNA message grouped in 3’s
• Codon
• What does the mRNA attach to in the
cytoplasm?
• Ribosome
• What does the tRNA bring to the mRNA?
• An amino acid
• Amino acids have what type of bonds
between them?
• peptide
• Another name for a protein chain
• Polypeptide
• Where does translation happen?
• cytoplasm
• Which phase in the cell cycle do cells spend
the most time?
• interphase
• What is the first stage of mitosis?
• Prophase
• Which phase do chromosomes line up in the
center of the cell?
• Metaphase
• Which phase do chromosomes coil, astrid rays
appear and the nuclear envelope disappear?
• Prophase
• Which phase do the chromosomes separate
and move to opposite sides of the cell?
• Anaphase
• Which part of the cell cycle divides the
cytoplasm?
• cytokinesis
• Which phase do chromosomes unwind and
the nuclear membrane reforms?
• Telophase
• Be able to identify the parts of the cell
• Be able to identify the stages of mitosis