Transcript chromomixes (2)

Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures
Matter is made of atoms and groups of
bonded atoms called molecules.
Pure substances are made from1 type
of atom (element).
Compounds are made from more than
1 type of atom.
Mixtures are substances that are NOT
chemically combined.
Which ones are compounds?
When elements combine to make a compound
the compound acts differently than the individual
elements.
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
Sodium (Na) is an element
Chlorine (Cl) is an element
Sodium is an explosive
metal, and Chlorine is a
poisonous gas. When
they combine to make a
compound we get table
salt (NaCl)
Mixtures
Salt Water is a mixture. The
two compounds still
retain their properties.
Mixtures can be separated
physically.
Compounds can only be
separated chemically.
The ocean is a mixture.
Chromatography
Is one way to
separate mixtures.
Mikhail Tsvett was the first to use it
He used chromatography to
separate plant pigments.
After he separated the
pigments then he could
identify what each one was.
Synge and Martin
Won the Chemistry Nobel
Prize in 1952
Using Paper
Chromatography they were
able to find insulin.
What is insulin used for?
What is Paper Chromatography?
Chromatography is used to
separate complex mixtures.
The Uses of Chromatography
•Industry
•Vitamins
•Hormones
•DNA testing
•Unknown pollutants
•Drug testing
Chromatography separates a mixture by
using a solvent to move a solute up a piece of
paper.
Solution: The mixture
Solvent: The thing that does
the dissolving
(example: water)
Solute: The thing that gets
dissolved (example:salt)
Paper Chromatography Set-up
Origin Line: The pencil line
drawn ½ inch from the
bottom
Dot of solute (ink)
Solvent (water)
When the paper absorbs the
solvent (water)
The solute (ink)
separates out as it is
dissolved in the water.
Setting up your lab
Why does the origin
line NEED to be
pencil?
Types of Chromatography
Type of Chromatography
Applications in the Real
World
Why and What is it
Liquid
Chromatography
test water samples to look for
pollution,
Used to analyze metal ions and
organic compounds in solutions. It
uses liquids which may incorporate
hydrophilic, insoluble molecules.
Gas
Chromatography
ThinLayerChromatog
raphy
Paper
Chromatography
detect bombs in airports, identify
and quantify such drugs as alcohol,
used in forensics to compare fibers
found on a victim
Used to analyze metal ions and
organic compounds in solutions. It
uses liquids which may incorporate
hydrophilic, insoluble molecules.
detecting pesticide or insecticide
residues in food, also used in
forensics to analyze the dye
composition of fibers
Uses an absorbent material on flat
glass plates. This is a simple and
rapid method to check the purity of
the organic compound.
separating amino acids and anions,
RNA fingerprinting, separating and
testing histamines, antibiotics
The most common type of
chromatography. The paper is the
stationary phase. This uses
capillary action to pull the solutes
up through the paper and