Transcript Chapter 6 -

Chapter 8 Time Line
• Quiz
– Period 1/4 : Tuesday November 25th
– Period 7: Wednesday November 26th
• Laboratory
– Period 1/4: Monday December 1st
– Period 7: Tuesday December 2nd
• Test: Homework / Lab is due
– Period 1 : Wednesday December 3rd
– Period 4/7: Thursday December 4th
Homework
1. Describe, in detail, the light reactions and the
dark reactions that make up photosynthesis.
– Include illustrations of each step of photosynthesis
– Include the role of ATP and NAD, NADH
– Include where the reactions take place.
2. What did the experiments of van Helmont,
Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal about how
plants grow?
6.1 – Energy for Cells
ATP – adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP?
Free Energy = energy available to do work.
endergonic reactions = reactions that absorb energy
exergonic reactions = reactions that release energy
Photosynthesis
The Equation: What are the reactants? What are the Products?
(Reactants)
(Products)
Enzymes
Light Reactions
Summary:
1. Light energy – absorbed & converted to ATP
2. H2O is split – H+ ions, O2 & electrons
3. H+ ions attach to NADP (carrier coenzyme) for later use.
Where do the light reactions occur?Thylakoid membranes
Light Reactions – The capture of Light
energy
Calvin Cycle – Dark Reactions
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Stroma (fluid filled space)
What are sugars composed of?Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
1. Where does the Carbon come from?CO2
2. Where does the Hydrogen come from?Splitting of H2O
3. Where does the Oxygen come from? CO2
The combining of these Atoms (Carbon, Hydrogen &
Oxygen)
Produce 3 carbon sugars used for the
following:
1. Carbohydrate production (Glucose, Fructose & Starch)
2. Lipids
3. Amino Acids
4. Nucleic Acids
5. Starch
The Calvin Cycle –
Simplified
The Calvin Cycle – Complex
What is NAD+ and NADH?
Energy Relationships
Energy Relationships
Autotrophs – Produces its own Energy / Food
Heterotrophs – get energy from the food they consume
Jan Van Helmont = Plants gained mass from water
Joseph Priestley = 0xygen released by plants ( candle
experiment)
Jan Ingenhousz = Oxygen was released during the day / Light
Plant produced bubbles.
Julius Robert Mayer – Light energy was converted to chemical
energy.
Melvin Calvin = Calvin Cycle – Path of carbon to form
glucose
Energy Laboratory
Reminders:
1. The tip of the flame is the hottest. Make sure the test tube is relatively close to
the tip of the flame.
2. Make sure you use the tip of the flame from the match to light the nut.
3. 1ml of water = 1 gram
When you find the calories for you nut look at the weight.
if its .5 (half) a gram then you need to divide it by the calories to find out the total
calories per gram of nut.
Example:
1. If my nut is .5g then the calories from that nut is only half of what a full gram
would give me therefore the calories/g would be more than the experimental
value.
If the calories from the experiment = 100c Then the calories per gram = 200c/g
100c / .5g = 200 c/g
2.
If my nut is 1.5g then the calories from that nut is more than what a full gram
would give me therefore the calories/g would be less than the experimental value
If the calories form the experiment =100c Then the calories per gram = 66c/g
100c / 1.5g = 66.66 c/g