Transcript Renaissance Notes

Essential Questions
What evidence is there to support the
statement: Italy was the cradle of the
Renaissance?
 What are the main characteristics of the
Renaissance?
 What does the printing revolution reveal
about changes that occurred throughout
Europe?
 What did the Protestant Reformation do to
change the face of Christianity during the
Renaissance?

Backdrop to the Renaissance
Renaissance means ‘rebirth’.
 Recovery from the plague, political
instability and the decline in Church
power set the stage
 3 important cities

 Venice- very important trade city
 Florence- becomes the cultural center of
Italy
 Milan- becomes an important transition city
Map of Italy during the
Renaissance
Humanism

Humanism- based on the study of the
classics. The works of Greece and
Rome.
 Believed education should stimulate creative
thinkers.
 Began to emphasize individual stability
 Petrarch is considered the father of Italian
Humanism
Giants of the Renaissances

Leonardo da Vinci
 Known for being an artist, architect, inventor,
scientist, optics, engineering, etc.
 Last Supper and Mona Lisa are his most
famous paintings
 Considered the most influential person from
the Renaissance
ns
Perspective
 New
technique
that allowed
artists to show
depth.
 Was part of
the movement
toward
Realism in art.
Leonardo, the Artist
 The Virgin of
the Rocks
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1483-1486
A Picasso Mona
A “Mona”ca Lewinsky
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
A Da Vinci “Code”:
St. John or Mary Magdalene?
Michelangelo
His work reflects
his lifelong
struggles with
spirituality and art.
 He wanted to be
known for his
sculpture, but the
Sistine Chapel and
the Dome of St.
Peter’s in Rome
are his best known
works.

 David
 Michelangelo
Buonarroti
 1504
 Marble
The Popes as Patrons of the Arts
The Pieta
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
1499
marble
The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall
from
Grace
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
Raphael


He was admired by
many for his art and
his gracious manner.
His best know work
is the School of
Athens which has
the faces of
Leonardo and
Michelangelo and
himself as the great
philosophers.
Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael
1504
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna
Niccolo Machaivelli

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
Born in 1469 in Florence, Italy
Most famous book is the Prince.
Disagreed with Aristotle that politics was an
extention of ethics.
Most important thing was getting and
keeping power
Believed in the republican form of
government.
You should be feared, but not hated as a
ruler.
Ruler has the right to break his word,
kill, and be unethical as long as it is
being done to further their power or
uphold their state.
 His goal to get Florence to unite all of
Italy.

Renaissance in the North

Printing Revolution
 Johann Gutenberg, from present Germany,
invented the first printing press.
 Most printed book in history is the Bible. Cheap
and easy to produce.

Artists
 Flanders becomes the important Northern city.
 Jan van Eyck and Albrecht Durer, the Leonardo
da Vinci of the north, were most recognizable
painters.
○ First to engrave metal using acid.
Humanist and Writers
Sir Thomas More- believed in an utopian
society, men and women live in peace.
 William Shakespeare

 Created more than 1700 words. Most
recognizable writer from the period.

Erasmus was the humanist thinker in the
North. Produced a new Greek Bible.
 Bible should be written in the language of
people.
Reformation

Background
 Spread of ideas b/c of the printing press
 Humanist began to question the Church
 Church was fighting to expand its own
power, lived lavish lives in a time when
people were less
 Raised money for baptisms and marriages
to pay for their Church designs
Began selling indulgences, lessening of the
time a soul would spend in purgatory before
entering heaven.
 Originally indulgences could only be given
for good deeds, but the Church begins
selling them for money.
 Erasmus was extremely against this practice
Sets the Stage for Martin Luther

Martin Luther, a German Monk and
professor of Theology
 1517 he drew up 95 Theses, arguments
against indulgences at Wittenberg,
Germany.
 95 Theses was printed and distributed
across Europe.
 He is excommunicated from the Church by
Pope Leo X.
 Take the name ‘protestants’ because they
are protesting papal authority.
 Charles V, of the Holy Roman Empire,
declared Luther an outlaw.
 People continued to follow him and
denounce the power of the Pope.
 Peace of Augsburg
○ Each prince decided which religion would be
followed in his lands.
 Luther’s Beliefs
○ Wanted all people to be able to read the Bible
○ Banned indulgences, confession, and prayers
to saints
○ Clergy could marry

Calvinist
 Created by John Calvin
 Important idea was predestination, God already
knows who will achieve salvation
 Faced harsh punishment for dancing, laughing in
church, swearing.
 Catholics and Lutherans disliked Calvinists

Anabaptist
 Rejected infant baptism
 Lay foundation for Baptists and Amish

Anglican (aka Church of England)
 Started by Henry VIII because he wanted an
annulment, cancel of marriage.
 Kicked the Catholic Church out of England and
takes their land and makes himself the head of
the Church. Killed Sir Thomas More because of
religion.
 Had two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth and one
son Edward.
 Edward takes over, dies, so Mary becomes
queen. She is Catholic and massacres the
Protestants. Elizabeth takes over and goes back
to Protestant.

Catholic Church Response
 Council of Trent
○ Made faith and good works the only way to be
saved. Stop the selling of indulgences.
○ Discontinued books written by Luther and Erasmus.
○ Started the Jesuits
 Ignatius of Loyola starts the movement.
 Lasting effect was setting up schools