Transcript No Slide Title

Know Your
Muscle Fiber
Types
Anaerobic
Threshold
Exercise
and Diabetes
Hormones
And Fuel
Fluxes
Elite and
Athletes
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The three primary muscle fiber types in
humans.
What are Type 1 (SO), Type 2a (FOG),
and Type 2b (FG)?
This fiber type is recruited at low central
nervous system stimulation.
What are Type 1 fibers?
Fiber type is determined by this.
What are the -motorneurons
that innervate them?
Haile Gebrasellaise has lots of
these compared to Usain Bolt.
What are Type 1 fibers?
These muscle fibers have the
biggest diameter.
What are Type 2b fibers?
It is thought to reflect a deficit in
this proton acceptor.
What is oxygen?
These are the primary
macronutrient used above the
Anaerobic Threshold
What are carbohydrates?
Anaerobic threshold is a superior
diagnostic tool for at risk patients
for this reason.
It does not require that patients
exercise to a maximum rate?
The term and the concept of
Anaerobic Threshold was defined
in 1964 by the father of this
illustratious member of the
Vanderbilt faculty.
Who is David H. Wasserman?
More of these fiber types are recruited
above the anaerobic threshold.
What are Type 2a an 2b fibers?
The single most serious acute
complication of insulin-dependent
diabetes in the active diabetic.
What is exercise-induced
hypoglycemia?
Poorly-controlled diabetics
experience this during exercise.
What is a worsened
hyperglycemia?
These contribute to the
prevalence of insulin-induced
hypoglycemia during exercise in
patients maintained on
conventional (subcutaneous)
insulin therapy.
What is an increase in insulin
sensitivity and an increase in
subcutaneous insulin absorption?
He is the only Type 1 diabetic in
the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Who is Jim Catfish Hunter?
This Type 1 diabetic won an
Olympic Gold Medal in the 50 m
freestyle in Athens in 2004
Who is Gary Hall Jr.?
Three reasons why glucagon is so
much more effective during
exercise than at rest.
What are (1) increased flux of
gluconeogenic substrates, (2)
sensitization due to fall in insulin,
(3) increased glucose uptake that
prevents hyperglycemia?
Catecholamines are important in
mobilizing these two fuel depots.
What are lipid stores in adipose
and glycogen in muscle?
Blood flow to muscle is a likely
physiological mechanism for
increased sensitivity to this
hormone.
What is insulin?
This hormone stimulates amino
acid extraction by the liver and
ureagenesis in the liver.
What is glucagon?
Too much of this hormone such as
may occur after feeding or in people
with diabetes can block glucose
release from the liver and fatty acid
release from adipose tissue.
What is insulin?
A characteristic of motor unit
recruitment in an elite long
jumper.
What is increased synchrony of
motor unit recruitment?
Endurance trained are athletes
have a greater capacity to
metabolize this macronutrient.
What are fatty acids?
Hall of Fame baseball great Lou
Gehrig died of a
neurodegenerative disease and is
best known for playing in this
many consecutive games.
What is 2130 consecutive games?
The trained fibers of a sprinter
generate greater ATP from this
pathway than the fibers of a long
distance runner.
What is anaerobic glycolysis?
A trained distance runner has a
greater capacity for blood
transport and muscle usage of
this diatomic gas?
What is oxygen?