Transcript Enzymes
1. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented to the right. 2. Which chemical reaction created this compound? 3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented above. 4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above? Dehydatrion Synthesis Forming Small to large Two to one H2O Hydrolysis H2O Breaking Down Large to small One to two LOCK & KEY MODEL ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX SUBSTRATE ACTIVE SITE ENZYME Enzymes are used temporarily & then recycled. There is an active site where the actual chemical reaction takes place. ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE MOLECULES WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT. Substrates 2 4 Product 5 1 Enzyme 3 Active Site Enzyme-substrate complex DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where substrate molecules fit temporarily into the enzyme. Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX ACTIVE SITE SUBSTRATE PRODUCT HYDROLYSIS HYDROLYSIS HYDROLYSIS DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS DAY 2 DO NOW: 1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C. OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE DENATURES OPTIMUM Maximum amount of activity DENATURATION The loss of effectiveness of an enzyme. The enzyme begins to break down. Which quadrant show optimum enzyme activity? 2. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other By adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate. The reactions maximum rate is reached when all enzymes are attached to substrate. What’s happening in this graph? 3. pH: The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7. Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease) Trypsin (intestinal protease) Pepsin works best at pH of 3 Trypsin pH of 8 pH: Human enzymes function best at a pH of 7 Temperature: Human enzymes function best at 98.6o F Concentration: the ratio of substrate and enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the rate of reaction increases. Enzyme Function • The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by: – pH – Temperature – Concentration of substrate 1. Identify A, C, D 2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent? is a scale designed to describe whether a compound is an acid or a base AND its strength. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Neutral •pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. •A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14 Acids • Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic. • An acid is any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. Example: Lemon juice and soda Bases • Substances with a pH above 7 are basic. A base is any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Example: Soap and household cleaners Neutral • A substance that is neither acidic nor basic or a pH of 7 is neutral Example : Water • Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature. Used to test the level of pH Provides a specific number Used to identify is the substance in an acid or a base TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT BLUE Used to test for the presence of glucose Used to test for the presence of proteins Used to test for the presence of starch Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC. ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC. IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL.