Transcript Generation of Transgenic Plants

Generation of Transgenic Plants
leaf
single cell
transformation of cell (gene transfer)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
gene gun
protoplast transformation
regeneration
transformed cell
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
callus culture
transgenic plant
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Cultivation of Transgenic Plants in 2005
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Gene Transfer by Gene Gun (Biolistic)
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Gene Transfer by Gene Gun in Plant Cells
pressure compartment
suppport for DNAcoated particles
scattering grid
breaking plate
DNA-coated particles
plant tissue in petri dish
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Generation of Transgenic Plants
leaf
single cell
transformation of cell (gene transfer)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
gene gun
protoplast transformation
regeneration
transformed cell
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
callus culture
transgenic plant
5
RoundupReady Soy Beans (RRS)
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Soy beans are processed to soy oil and bruised grain
30.000 food products contain soy oil (chips, ice cream, bakery products,
candy bars...)
RoundupReady soy beans are resistant against the herbicide „Roundup“,
[glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine)] sold by Monsanto
Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (3-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-5phosphate-synthase) which is needed for the biosynthesis of aromatic
amino acids
Cells die without aromatic amino acids
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Glyphosate
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
- Mode of Action -
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RoundupReady Soy Beans (RRS)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soy beans are processed to soy oil and bruised grain
30.000 food products contain soy oil (chips, ice cream, bakery products,
candy bars...)
RoundupReady soy beans are resistant against the herbicide „Roundup“,
[glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine)] sold by Monsanto
Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (3-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-5phosphate-synthase) which is needed for the biosynthesis of aromatic
amino acids
Cells die without aromatic amino acids
RoundupReady soy beans contain a glyphosate-resistant bacterial gene
from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4
30% reduction of use of glyphosate
RoundupReady soy beans is sold by Monsanto
USA produces 60 million tons of soy beans per year (50% of worldwide
harvest)
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Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Vector for Glyphosate Resistance
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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Labeling
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Food, food ingredients and food supplement have to be labeled when
they are GMO, consist of GMO or contain material of GMO
• Labeling is required when the percentage of GMO material is greater
than 0.9% in food containing a mixture of normal and GMO material
Examples:
• Food or food supplement are GMOs: GM tomato, GM patato, GM corn,
GM fish...
• Food or food supplement contain GMOs: GM bacteria in yogurt, GM yeast
in beer...
• Food or food ingredients are derived from GMO: oil from GM soy beans
or GM corn, sugar form GM sugar beet, starch from GM corn...
• Food or food supplement are isolated from GMO: Vitamin C, vitamin B2,
glutamate...
Labeling is not required when
• meat, eggs or milk comes from animals fed with GMO plants
• Material from GMO fed to microorganisms, e.g. yeast cells fed with
starch from GM corn
• enzymes isolated from GMO: chymosin produced by GM bacteria
--------------------------------------------GMO genetically modified organism
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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End
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron
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