Transcript A Review of DNA, RNA, and Proteins

A Review of DNA, RNA, and
Proteins
The Basics of Life
Oh No, Not more Biochem!!!
• What are the monomers of the following
polymers:
– DNA
– RNA
– Proteins
Structure of DNA
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
What are purines?
What are Pyrimidines?
Draw a nucleotide.
Describe the appearance of a DNA
molecule. What are the rungs? What are
the uprights?
More on DNA
• The two strands of DNA are said to be
antiparallel, What does this mean?
• Define the contributions of the following
scientists:
– Chargaff’s rules
– Rosalind Franklin
– Watson and Crick
DNA and Chromosomes
• Describe how a 1m of DNA is stored in the
nucleus (10um) of cells.
• Why have histones changed very little
during evolution?
• How many nucleotides are in the human
genome?
DNA Replication
• What are the 4 stages of DNA replication?
• What enzyme is responsible for adding bases to
the template strand?
• Matching
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Replication fork
When replication occurs
Complement strand
Template strand
Proofreeds DNA
a) Strand that is made
b) Strand that is copied
c) Where rep occurs
d) S phase of Interphase
e) DNA polymerase
RNA
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What does RNA stand for?
What are the 3 parts to RNA?
What are the 3 ways RNA differs from DNA?
What are the 3 types of RNA? What do they do?
Protein Synthesis
• How does protein synthesis occur?
– Transcription - Translation - Editing
– Transcription - Editing - Translation
– Translation - Editing - Transcription
• In the M&M example what do the following
symbolize?
– Your hands
– Chain of M&M’s
- You
- Mr. H
- One M&M
- The instructions
Transcription and Editing
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What happens during transcription?
What is the purpose of RNA?
How is DNA converted into mRNA?
What enzyme is involved in transcription?
When mRNA is edited what are the pieces
called that are removed? What are the
pieces called that are kept?
Translation
• What happens during translation?
• T or F: There are 20 different kinds of
tRNA.
• How long is a codon?
• What is a codon?
• What is rRNA and what is its role in ps?
• What is tRNA and what is its role in ps?
Protein Synthesis
• DNA: GCCGCTCGT
• mRNA:
• AA:
• What is the starting codon? What is the
starting amino acid?
Mutations
• What are the three ways that DNA can mutate?
• What type of mutations are the following?
– Normal DNA: GGTCGA
– GGCCGA
- GGTCCGA
– GGCGA
- GAGCTG
• Why are frameshift mutations almost always
lethal?
• T or F: Point mutations ALWAYS change the
protein.