Transcript Graduation Test Review

The European Renaissance…
1350- mid 16th century
Good morning!
Take out a piece of paper and answer the warm up questions!!!!!
1. List three effects of the Black Death?
2. What do you think the word ‘Renaissance’ means?
3. Write down all you know or have ever heard about the
Renaissance?
Warm-up part 2

Rewrite this question in your own words
“How did the Renaissance change man’s view
of man?”

Looking at your background essay, what are
three ways you believe the Renaissance has
changed man’s view of man?
Causes of the Renaissance

During the Late middle ages, Europe
suffered from both war and plague.

Those who survived need something
to live for, to make them happy again.

They wanted to celebrate the life and
the human spirit
The Renaissance

means “rebirth”

European Renaissance (1300-1600s):
 rebirth of ideas and culture
reminiscent of Greece & Rome
 Started in Italy
 The Renaissance followed the Middle
Ages

Primary development in urban centers
(cities)
Why Italy?
1.
Thriving cities
2.
A wealthy merchant
class
3.
Classical heritage of
Greece and Rome
Florence, Italy



main Italian city-state (a city and its
surrounding lands functioning as an
independent political unit) where
Renaissance began
 Became wealthiest city-state
Renaissance ideas spread from Italy
to other European locations
 Venice used its coastal location for
international trade
Crusades opened up trade in the
Mediterranean Sea
Renaissance…
POLITICAL IMPORTANCE
-society was mainly run by wealthy
merchant families
-ex: The Medici- powerful banking
family in Florence
 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
-these families traded w/ many
other countries and spread
Renaissance “ideas”
-traded w/ Byzantine & Islamic
Empires, England & the
Netherlands

Renaissance…
Social Importance:
 time of recovery from Black
Plague & political instability
 Italian thinkers emphasized
humanism

Humanism: focus on importance of
the individual & positive human
qualities

The Renaissance put more emphasis
on the work and worth of the
individual
Looking to Greece and
Rome
1.
The artists and scholars of Italy drew
inspiration from the ruins of Rome that
surrounded them.
2.
Western scholars studied ancient Latin
manuscripts that had been preserved in
monasteries.
3.
Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to
Rome with Greek manuscripts when the
Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Humanists

Focus on human potential and
achievements

Instead of trying to make classical texts
agree with Christian teachings, as medieval
scholars had, humanists studied them to
understand ancient Greek values.

Made popular the study of subjects such as
history, literature, and philosophy. These
subjects are called the humanities.
Petrarch
“The father of Humanism”

Believed God gave people
intelligence & talents that
should be used to the fullest
in all aspects of life

Credited with perfecting the
sonnet (14 line poem)

Known for being one of the
first people to refer to the
Dark Ages
“Renaissance Man”

During this period, Renaissance writers introduced the idea
that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact,
the individual should strive to excel in almost every area of
study.

Someone who excels in multiple fields/ has many talents is
considered a ‘Renaissance Man’

He should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He
should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. In addition he
should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman!

Modern Day examples

Will Smith
Justin Timberlake
Who else can you think of ?


Time out! Review

The art, music, and philosophy of the MEDIEVAL PERIOD in Europe
generally focused on…?
 Human scientific achievements
 Religious themes
 Materialism
 Greek and Roman Mythology

One factor that helped the Renaissance flourish in northern Italy was that
the region had…?


A wealthy class that invested in the arts

A socialist government

Limited contact with the Byzantines

A shrinking middle class
Renaissance means? Of what?
Time out! Review

In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism developed
by writers such as Petrarch was…?
 Belief in the supremacy of the state
 Rejection of ancient civilizations and their culture
 Emphasis on social control and obedience to rulers
 Appreciation for worth of individual achievement
Good morning!!! Take out your notes from yesterday OR a new
piece of paper and complete the following warm up!
1.
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in
Northern Italy was that the region had

a wealthy class that invested in the arts, and gossiped
about the ideas of the Renaissance

a socialist for of government
3. The black plague was spread
to Europe as a result of contact
 a shrinking middle class
with
a. merchants from western
2. How did European society during the Renaissance
Africa
differ from European society during the Middle Ages?
b. traders from Northern Asia
 the Church was no longer influential
c. barbarians from
Scandinavia
 the emphasis on individual worth increased
d. explorers returning from
 economic activity declined
the Americas
 art no longer contained religious themes

limited contact with the Byzantine Empire
Machiavelli

“Renaissance Man” from Florence

Political Importance:

He wrote The Prince
 Most writers emphasized the
importance of monarchs ruling
according to Christian ethics and
principles
 He believed monarchs should rule
according to what was best for
everyone, not according to Christian
beliefs
 A king or prince might have to trick his
enemies and even his own people for
the good of the state
 Machiavelli was not concerned with
what was morally right, but with what
was politically effective.
Is it better to
be FEARED
or LOVED?
Dante

Wrote humanist literature in common everyday
language of the time

Widely considered to be “father of the Italian
language” b/c of the local language he
used…what is this called?????

Wrote the Divine Comedy
 On the surface the poem describes Dante's
travels through Hell, Purgatory, and
Heaven; but at a deeper level it represents
the soul's journey towards God. His
search for Salvation
 Dante’s inferno
Erasmus

Best known Christian Humanist

Believed in reforming Catholic Church
from within and ending corruption

Wrote the Praise of Folly. This book
poked fun at greedy merchants,
heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars
and pompous priests.

Taught that obedience to the Bible and
sincere devotion to God were more
important than religious rituals
Heroes in a Half Shell


When you think Renaissance artists think
of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles,
because they were named after them.

Michelangelo

Donatello

Leonardo

Raphael
They were sculptors, poets, architects and
painters
Donatello

Made sculptor more realistic by
carving natural postures and
expressions that reveal personality.

Considered the greatest
sculptor before Michelangelo
Raphael
Younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo
Famous for his use of perspective—shows
3 dimensions on a flat surface
Leonardo da Vinci





Original “Renaissance Man”
Expert in painting, sculpting,
engineering, physics, anatomy, etc.
Interested in how things worked
He studied the human body and
how it works and then
incorporated his findings into his
art.
Thought of many inventions that
couldn’t actually be built until the
20th century
Leonardo da Vinci…
Most famous works of art:

Mona Lisa

The
Vitruvian
Man
The Last Supper
Michelangelo
 Renaissance
artist
 Best known for
idealized paintings &
sculptures of the
human form
 Created human images
to reflect the “divine
beauty of God”
David
The
Sistine
Chapel
Sistine Chapel

Official residence of the Pope in
Vatican City

Michelangelo painted 12,000 sq. feet
of the chapel ceiling from 1508-1512

Originally the ceiling was painted
blue with gold stars

Michelangelo was originally
intimidated by the whole thing and
preferred to decline- he considered
himself more of a sculptor than a
painter
Review Time
1.
How did Italy’s cities help make it the
birthplace of the Renaissance?
2.
What does it mean to be a “Renaissance
man”?
3.
What are the main characteristics of
Humanism?
4.
Give me one cause of the Renaissance.
What is something you
HATE?! Think popculture, modern, and
nothing OFFENSIVE!
Good morning!!!!
 Take
out a piece of paper (or same
notes from last week)
 We
have 10 slides…ONLY 10…I
PROMISE
 Then
we are watching a movie!!!!
The Protestant Reformation…
Prior to this, the Catholic Church had
dominated religious practice & politics in
Europe for hundreds of years…
Protestant Reformation

During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church
possessed tremendous political power

This was a movement against certain practices
of the Catholic Church

It was called Protestant because in 1529 a
number of German princes Protested efforts by
the Catholic emperor to impose Catholicism to
all the territories in Germany.

So where did Protestantism come from?
Martin Luther

Note: He is not black, he IS NOT MARTIN
LUTHER KING JR

Catholic monk & professor

Began to disagree with many aspects of
Catholicism

Ex: selling indulgences. what is this?
 Slips of paper purchased from the Church
which granted forgiveness of sins
-believed people could only have salvation by
mercy of God, not by doing good deeds like
Catholic church said

“As soon as a coin in the coffer rings,
the soul from purgatory springs.”
--John Tetzel
\
Martin Luther…
 Eventually
broke away from
Catholic church
 Publicly posted, printed, &
distributed his 95 Theses which
attacked Catholic practices
Martin Luther…
 His
ideas became a catalyst for
the Protestant Reformation
 Lutheranism (named after
Martin Luther) developed as the
1st Protestant faith
John Calvin

He’s in Switzerland

Early convert to Protestantism

Wrote summary of Protestant beliefs, established
him as leader within the faith

Believed in predestination, God is all powerful &
has already decided who will receive salvation &
who will not

Eventually “Calvinism” became the foundation for
the Presbyterian church
Johannes Gutenberg

Printed 1st Bible in Europe with movable type

Movable type- allowed ideas of Protestant
Reformation to spread rapidly

New printing industry- encouraged more people
to learn/read

Gave people more access to religious texts &
literature
Just how fast was the
printing press?????
Henry VIII

King of England

Wanted to divorce his wife because she had yet to
give him a male heir. Is this ok?

Established Protestant Church in England called the
Anglican Church

Let him divorce his wife, but other than that kept
many of the same ideas as the Catholic Church
Elizabeth I

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII

Turned her father’s Anglican Church into a moderate
form of Protestantism during her reign as Queen

Her reign is known as the Elizabethan Era
characterized by the flourishing of English Dramas
and the works of men like William Shakespeare.

Modern Day “Church of England”
Stop! Review
Time!
1. Piece of paper bought from the church granting forgiveness?
2. Wrote “95 Theses”?
3. Invented the printing press?
4. English monarch who broke from the Catholic church because
he wanted a divorce?
5. Restored and reformed the Anglican Church that her dad
created?

Indulgences: John Tetzel sold these “tickets to Heaven”

Martin Luther: Protested the church selling indulgences and wrote the
95 Theses attacking the church

Pope Leo X: Excommunicated Martin Luther

Excommunicated: Kicked out of the church

John Calvin: Inspired by Luther to create his own church “Calvinism”

Henry VIII: Created the church of England and broke away from the
Catholic Church because he wanted a divorce

Pope Clement VII: Excommunicated Henry VIII b/c he broke away
from the Catholic Church
The Counter Reformation
a.k.a- Catholic Reformation
The Jesuits
 Group
of Catholics who wanted to
restore Catholicism to those areas
in Europe who had converted to
Protestantism
 Missionaries, took a vow of
allegiance to the Pope
 Recognized as new religious order
within Catholicism
 Using education, restored
Catholicism to many areas in
Europe
Council of Trent
 Body
of Catholic Bishops
 Met over 18 year period to work
on reforming corrupt practices in
Catholicism
 Upheld the idea that good works
were required for salvation, &
use of indulgences